Roberto Della Rosa Mendez

Behavioural determinants of salt consumption among hypertensive individuals

BACKGROUND High salt consumption among populations remains a challenge for health professionals dealing with prevention and control of hypertension. The present study aimed to identify the psychosocial predictors of salt consumption among hypertensive individuals, based on an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Three salt consumption behaviours were studied: Behaviour 1- using <4 g of salt per day during cooking; Behaviour 2- avoiding adding salt/table salt use to the prepared foods; and Behaviour 3- avoiding the consumption of foods with high salt content. METHODS At baseline (n = 108), TPB and additional variables (self-efficacy, habit, past behaviour, hedonic determinant, self-perceived diet quality) were measured. At 2-month follow-up (n = 95), the three behaviours were assessed. Behaviour and intention were sequentially regressed on the study variables, using polytomous logistic regression and hierarchical linear regression with rank transformation, respectively. RESULTS Behaviour 1 was predicted by intention [odds ratio (OR) = 6.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.81-21.52], whereas self-efficacy and habit predicted intention. Behaviour 2 exhibited high score mean and low variation and was predicted by self-perceived diet quality (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.03-6.36). Behaviour 3 was predicted by the hedonic determinant (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01-1.98). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that salt-related behaviours are explained by a variety of determinants. Among these determinants, special consideration should be given to motivational and hedonic aspects.

Development of an instrument to measure psychosocial determinants of physical activity behavior among coronary heart disease patients

The aim of this study was to report the development and the analysis of content validity and reliability of the Psychosocial Determinants of Physical Activity among Coronary Heart Disease Patients Questionnaire, based on an extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior. In the content validity step, three experts evaluated the instrument which was, afterwards, pre-tested with five subjects in order to obtain a conceptually appropriate and easily understood instrument. Fifty-one patients participated in the evaluation of internal consistency of the reviewed instrument. Cronbachs alpha coefficients above 0.75 were observed for the constructs: Intention, Attitude, Subjective Norm, Self-efficacy and Habit. The new instrument demonstrated acceptable evidence of content validity and reliability.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar el desarrollo, el analisis de contenido y de confiabilidad del Cuestionario para la identificacion de los factores psicosociales determinantes del comportamiento de actividad fisica en pacientes afectados de coronariopatias, basado en la extension de la Teoria del Comportamiento Planificado. Se sometio la validez del contenido del instrumento a la evaluacion por parte de tres jueces y pre test con cinco sujetos, hasta mostrarse conceptualmente adecuado y comprensible para los sujetos entrevistados. Fue aplicado en 51 sujetos para la evaluacion preliminar de consistencia interna, a traves de la determinacion del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Fueron observados coeficientes Alfa de Cronbach >0,75 para los constructos Intencion, Actitud, Norma Subjetiva, Autoeficacia y Habito. El instrumento desarrollado evidencio la validez de su contenido, asi como su confiabilidad.

Desenvolvimento de instrumento para medida dos fatores psicossociais determinantes do comportamento de atividade física em coronariopatas

The aim of this study was to report the development and the analysis of content validity and reliability of the Psychosocial Determinants of Physical Activity among Coronary Heart Disease Patients Questionnaire, based on an extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior. In the content validity step, three experts evaluated the instrument which was, afterwards, pre-tested with five subjects in order to obtain a conceptually appropriate and easily understood instrument. Fifty-one patients participated in the evaluation of internal consistency of the reviewed instrument. Cronbachs alpha coefficients above 0.75 were observed for the constructs: Intention, Attitude, Subjective Norm, Self-efficacy and Habit. The new instrument demonstrated acceptable evidence of content validity and reliability.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar el desarrollo, el analisis de contenido y de confiabilidad del Cuestionario para la identificacion de los factores psicosociales determinantes del comportamiento de actividad fisica en pacientes afectados de coronariopatias, basado en la extension de la Teoria del Comportamiento Planificado. Se sometio la validez del contenido del instrumento a la evaluacion por parte de tres jueces y pre test con cinco sujetos, hasta mostrarse conceptualmente adecuado y comprensible para los sujetos entrevistados. Fue aplicado en 51 sujetos para la evaluacion preliminar de consistencia interna, a traves de la determinacion del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Fueron observados coeficientes Alfa de Cronbach >0,75 para los constructos Intencion, Actitud, Norma Subjetiva, Autoeficacia y Habito. El instrumento desarrollado evidencio la validez de su contenido, asi como su confiabilidad.

Physical activity behavior among coronary outpatients according to socio-demographic and clinical profile

Behavior and motivation for physical activity (PA) were assessed among 144 coronary heart disease outpatients according to the sociodemographic and clinical profile. The sample was predominantly male (63.9%), with 59.4(± 8.8) years, with low levels of monthly income and schooling. Behavior and Habitual PA measures revealed sedentary lifestyle with high motivation for future PA. Women, patients with history of angina and non-smokers reported lower levels of behavior and motivation. Higher age, lower income, lower number of associated conditions, less time since last coronary syndrome and higher values of BMI were associated to lower levels of PA. The findings suggest that the pattern of PA and motivation vary among CHD outpatients according to sociodemographic and clinical profile, information that should be considered in educational interventions.Foram avaliados o comportamento e a motivacao para pratica de atividade fisica (AF) entre 144 coronariopatas segundo o perfil sociodemografico/clinico. Houve predominio de homens, com 59,4(±8,8) anos, com baixas renda e escolaridade. Os comportamentos de caminhada e AF habitual evidenciaram estilo de vida pregresso sedentario, com motivacao elevada para realizacao futura de AF. Mulheres com historia pregressa de angina e nao tabagistas relataram niveis menores de comportamento e motivacao para AF. Idade mais elevada, menor renda, numero de condicoes clinicas associadas, tempo desde a ultima sindrome coronaria e maior indice de massa corporal correlacionaram-se a menores niveis de AF. O padrao de AF e a motivacao entre coronariopatas variam segundo o perfil sociodemografico/clinico, o que deve ser considerado no planejamento de atividades educativas.

Integrative review: behavioral interventions for physical activity practice

This study aimed to carry out an integrative literature review on the effectiveness of interventions in physical activity (PA) practice in the general population. The search was carried out in articles indexed in online databases: Scopus, CINAHL and Medline. Studies in English or Brazilian Portuguese were included, with evidence levels 2 or 3, published between 2004 and 2008. The final sample consisted of 14 studies. In 57.1% of the studies, interventions were effective for behavior change to practice PA. The diversity of target populations, assessment instruments and intervention designs makes it difficult to compare results and build evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for PA promotion.This study aimed to carry out an integrative literature review on the effectiveness of interventions in physical activity (PA) practice in the general population. The search was carried out in articles indexed in online databases: Scopus, CINAHL and Medline. Studies in English or Brazilian Portuguese were included, with evidence levels 2 or 3, published between 2004 and 2008. The final sample consisted of 14 studies. In 57.1% of the studies, interventions were effective for behavior change to practice PA. The diversity of target populations, assessment instruments and intervention designs makes it difficult to compare results and build evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for PA promotion.

Validation of persuasive messages for the promotion of physical activity among people with coronary heart disease

OBJETIVO: validar o conteudo de mensagens persuasivas para promover a caminhada entre pacientes com doenca arterial coronaria (DAC). As mensagens foram construidas com vistas ao fortalecimento/mudanca da atitude do paciente em relacao a caminhada. METODO: a selecao dos argumentos persuasivos foi baseada nas crencas comportamentais (determinantes da atitude), relacionadas a caminhada. As mensagens foram construidas com base no Modelo de Probabilidade de Elaboracao e submetidas a validade de conteudo. RESULTADOS: os dados foram analisados por meio do indice de validade de conteudo e pela importância atribuida pelos pacientes aos argumentos persuasivos das mensagens. As crencas comportamentais positivas (i.e. reforco positivo e negativo) e a autoeficacia foram os apelos considerados importantes pelos pacientes. As mensagens com evidencias de validacao serao testadas em estudo de intervencao para promocao da pratica de atividade fisica entre pacientes com DAC.

Validación de mensajes persuasivos para promoción de actividad física entre pacientes con coronariopatía

OBJETIVO: validar o conteudo de mensagens persuasivas para promover a caminhada entre pacientes com doenca arterial coronaria (DAC). As mensagens foram construidas com vistas ao fortalecimento/mudanca da atitude do paciente em relacao a caminhada. METODO: a selecao dos argumentos persuasivos foi baseada nas crencas comportamentais (determinantes da atitude), relacionadas a caminhada. As mensagens foram construidas com base no Modelo de Probabilidade de Elaboracao e submetidas a validade de conteudo. RESULTADOS: os dados foram analisados por meio do indice de validade de conteudo e pela importância atribuida pelos pacientes aos argumentos persuasivos das mensagens. As crencas comportamentais positivas (i.e. reforco positivo e negativo) e a autoeficacia foram os apelos considerados importantes pelos pacientes. As mensagens com evidencias de validacao serao testadas em estudo de intervencao para promocao da pratica de atividade fisica entre pacientes com DAC.

Revisão integrativa: intervenções comportamentais para realização de atividade física

This study aimed to carry out an integrative literature review on the effectiveness of interventions in physical activity (PA) practice in the general population. The search was carried out in articles indexed in online databases: Scopus, CINAHL and Medline. Studies in English or Brazilian Portuguese were included, with evidence levels 2 or 3, published between 2004 and 2008. The final sample consisted of 14 studies. In 57.1% of the studies, interventions were effective for behavior change to practice PA. The diversity of target populations, assessment instruments and intervention designs makes it difficult to compare results and build evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for PA promotion.This study aimed to carry out an integrative literature review on the effectiveness of interventions in physical activity (PA) practice in the general population. The search was carried out in articles indexed in online databases: Scopus, CINAHL and Medline. Studies in English or Brazilian Portuguese were included, with evidence levels 2 or 3, published between 2004 and 2008. The final sample consisted of 14 studies. In 57.1% of the studies, interventions were effective for behavior change to practice PA. The diversity of target populations, assessment instruments and intervention designs makes it difficult to compare results and build evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for PA promotion.

Desarrollo de un instrumento para la medida de los factores psicosociales determinantes del comportamiento de la actividad física en individuos con coronariopatía

The aim of this study was to report the development and the analysis of content validity and reliability of the Psychosocial Determinants of Physical Activity among Coronary Heart Disease Patients Questionnaire, based on an extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior. In the content validity step, three experts evaluated the instrument which was, afterwards, pre-tested with five subjects in order to obtain a conceptually appropriate and easily understood instrument. Fifty-one patients participated in the evaluation of internal consistency of the reviewed instrument. Cronbachs alpha coefficients above 0.75 were observed for the constructs: Intention, Attitude, Subjective Norm, Self-efficacy and Habit. The new instrument demonstrated acceptable evidence of content validity and reliability.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar el desarrollo, el analisis de contenido y de confiabilidad del Cuestionario para la identificacion de los factores psicosociales determinantes del comportamiento de actividad fisica en pacientes afectados de coronariopatias, basado en la extension de la Teoria del Comportamiento Planificado. Se sometio la validez del contenido del instrumento a la evaluacion por parte de tres jueces y pre test con cinco sujetos, hasta mostrarse conceptualmente adecuado y comprensible para los sujetos entrevistados. Fue aplicado en 51 sujetos para la evaluacion preliminar de consistencia interna, a traves de la determinacion del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Fueron observados coeficientes Alfa de Cronbach >0,75 para los constructos Intencion, Actitud, Norma Subjetiva, Autoeficacia y Habito. El instrumento desarrollado evidencio la validez de su contenido, asi como su confiabilidad.

Comportamento de atividade física de cardiopatas isquêmicos segundo perfil sociodemográfico e clínico

Behavior and motivation for physical activity (PA) were assessed among 144 coronary heart disease outpatients according to the sociodemographic and clinical profile. The sample was predominantly male (63.9%), with 59.4(± 8.8) years, with low levels of monthly income and schooling. Behavior and Habitual PA measures revealed sedentary lifestyle with high motivation for future PA. Women, patients with history of angina and non-smokers reported lower levels of behavior and motivation. Higher age, lower income, lower number of associated conditions, less time since last coronary syndrome and higher values of BMI were associated to lower levels of PA. The findings suggest that the pattern of PA and motivation vary among CHD outpatients according to sociodemographic and clinical profile, information that should be considered in educational interventions.Foram avaliados o comportamento e a motivacao para pratica de atividade fisica (AF) entre 144 coronariopatas segundo o perfil sociodemografico/clinico. Houve predominio de homens, com 59,4(±8,8) anos, com baixas renda e escolaridade. Os comportamentos de caminhada e AF habitual evidenciaram estilo de vida pregresso sedentario, com motivacao elevada para realizacao futura de AF. Mulheres com historia pregressa de angina e nao tabagistas relataram niveis menores de comportamento e motivacao para AF. Idade mais elevada, menor renda, numero de condicoes clinicas associadas, tempo desde a ultima sindrome coronaria e maior indice de massa corporal correlacionaram-se a menores niveis de AF. O padrao de AF e a motivacao entre coronariopatas variam segundo o perfil sociodemografico/clinico, o que deve ser considerado no planejamento de atividades educativas.