Robin M. Saunders

α-amylase inhibitors in Triticum aestivum: Purification and physical-chemical properties☆

Abstract Two α-amylase inhibitors in aqueous extracts of wheat flour have been resolved by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. α-Amylase inhibitor I, the major inhibitor, was homogeneous by disc gel electrophoresis. It had a MW of 20 000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 6·7. α-Amylase inhibitor II had two minor contaminants when analysed by electrophoresis. These inhibitors were classified as typical wheat albumin proteins. A third α-amylase inhibitor was discovered when it was observed that an albumin protein which is found only in Triticum aestivum varieties of wheat could also inhibit pancreatic α-amylase. All three of these inhibitors could be distinguished by their characteristic electrophoretic mobilities.

Alternative crops for sustainable agricultural systems

Abstract The lack of suitable and appropriate crops has been a poorly recognized obstacle to the application of sound agroecological practices in some temperate and tropical regions. Cultivation of traditional hybrid crops in inherently hostile environments forces increased managerial and economic expenditures. Selection of ecologically harmonious crops exploits, rather than opposes natural forces. Based in part on US-AID funded research, we have identified three crops suitable for temperate/tropical cultivation. Amaranthus is recognized in Asia and Central and South America as a food crop that can be grown as a leafy vegetable or as a seed grain in mixed croppings. It does well under a wide variety of conditions using established cultural methods. It is nutritious and highly palatable and, in many areas, is well recognized in the market place. Prosopis species (mesquite) leguminous trees occur worldwide in arid and semi-arid areas. As phreatophytes, they are resistant to drought and high temperature extremes and produce abundant yields of edible beanlike pods. Using the beans from the tree, a variety of attractive, marketable food products have been prepared. We have also identified intermediate wheat-grass, a perennial relative of wheat, as an ecologically and economically attractive alternate crop. It is already a well-established range crop; grown for seed, it becomes a useful grain intercrop. The wholegrain or endosperm mill fractions make excellent tasting, appetizing and attractive baked products. Ongoing agronomic studies indicate it is especially suitable for balancing ecologically unstable areas.

Fructosylraffinose, a tetrasaccharide in wheat bran

Abstract A new tetrasaccharide has the structure O-α- d -galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-α- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[O-β- d -fructofuranosyl-2→1]-β- d -fructofuranoside.