Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne

Acute effect of vigorous aerobic exercise on the inhibitory control in adolescents

Abstract Objective: To assess the acute effect of vigorous aerobic exercise on the inhibitory control in adolescents. Methods: Controlled, randomized study with crossover design. Twenty pubertal individuals underwent two 30-minute sessions: (1) aerobic exercise session performed between 65% and 75% of heart rate reserve, divided into 5 min of warm-up, 20 min at the target intensity and 5 min of cool down; and (2) control session watching a cartoon. Before and after the sessions, the computerized Stroop test-Testinpacs™ was applied to evaluate the inhibitory control. Reaction time (ms) and errors (n) were recorded. Results: The control session reaction time showed no significant difference. On the other hand, the reaction time of the exercise session decreased after the intervention (p<0.001). The number of errors made at the exercise session were lower than in the control session (p=0.011). Additionally, there was a positive association between reaction time (Δ) of the exercise session and age (r 2=0.404, p=0.003). Conclusions: Vigorous aerobic exercise seems to promote acute improvement in the inhibitory control in adolescents. The effect of exercise on the inhibitory control performance was associated with age, showing that it was reduced at older age ranges.

Efeito agudo do exercício aeróbio vigoroso sobre o controle inibitório em adolescentes

OBJECTIVE To assess the acute effect of vigorous aerobic exercise on the inhibitory control in adolescents. METHODS Controlled, randomized study with crossover design. Twenty pubertal individuals underwent two 30-minute sessions: 1) aerobic exercise session performed between 65%-75% of heart rate reserve, divided into 5minutes of warm-up, 20minutes at the target intensity and 5minutes of cool down; and 2) control session watching a cartoon. Before and after the sessions, the computerized Stroop test-Testinpacs™ was applied to evaluate the inhibitory control. Reaction time (ms) and errors (n) were recorded. RESULTS The control session reaction time showed no significant difference. On the other hand, the reaction time of the exercise session decreased after the intervention (p<0.001). The number of errors made at the exercise session were lower than in the control session (p=0.011). Additionally, there was a positive association between reaction time (Δ) of the exercise session and age (r(2)=0.404, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Vigorous aerobic exercise seems to promote acute improvement in the inhibitory control in adolescents. The effect of exercise on the inhibitory control performance was associated with age, showing that it was reduced at older age ranges.

Critical velocity estimates lactate minimum velocity in youth runners

In order to investigate the validity of critical velocity (CV) as a noninvasive method to estimate the lactate minimum velocity (LMV), 25 youth runners underwent the following tests: 1) 3,000m running; 2) 1,600m running; 3) LMV test. The intensity of lactate minimum was defined as the velocity corresponding to the lowest blood lactate concentration during the LMV test. The CV was determined using the linear model, defined by the inclination of the regression line between distance and duration in the running tests of 1,600 and 3,000m. There was no significant difference (p=0.3055) between LMV and CV. In addition, both protocols presented a good agreement based on the small difference between means and the narrow levels of agreement, as well as a standard error of estimation classified as ideal. In conclusion, CV, as identified in this study, may be an alternative for noninvasive identification of LMV.

Cycling above rather than below lactate threshold is more effective for nitric oxide release and post-exercise blood pressure reduction in individuals with type-2 diabetes

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron examinar y comparar los efectos del ejercicio realizado en diferentes intensidades, arriba y abajo del umbral de lactato (UL), sobre la respuesta de la presion arterial (PA) y el oxido nitrico (NO) en individuos con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Por lo tanto, 11 DM2 se sometieron las siguientes sesiones: 1) sesion control; 2) 20 min de ejercicio en cicloergometro a una intensidad moderada (80%UL); y 3) 20 min de ejercicio en cicloergometro a una intensidad alta (120%UL). El NO plasmatico y las mediciones de la PA fueron realizados en reposo y en 15 y 45 min del periodo de recuperacion para todas las sesiones. En comparacion con el periodo de reposo, solo la sesion de ejercicio realizado a 120%UL promovio aumento de NO (7,2 para 9,5 µM, p<0,05) y, por lo tanto, una disminucion de la presion arterial sistolica (de 126,6±7,9 para 118,7±3,9 mmHg, p<0,05) durante el periodo de recuperacion despues del ejercicio. En conclusion, los resultados sugieren que la liberacion de NO y la disminucion de PA parece ser intensidad-dependiente para individuos con DM2.Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar e comparar os efeitos do exercicio realizado em diferentes intensidades, acima e abaixo do limiar de lactato (LL), sobre a resposta da pressao arterial (PA) e oxido nitrico (NO) em individuos com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Para tanto, 11 DM2 foram submetidos as seguintes sessoes: 1) sessao controle; 2) 20 min de exercicio em cicloergometro em intensidade moderada (80%LL); e 3) 20 min de exercicio em cicloergometro em alta intensidade (120%LL). O NO plasmatico e as medidas de PA foram realizadas no repouso, bem como aos 15 e 45 min do periodo de recuperacao de todas as sessoes. Quando comparado ao periodo de repouso, somente a sessao de exercicio realizado a 120%LL promoveu aumento do NO (de 7,2 para 9,5 µM, p<0,05) e, por conseguinte, uma diminuicao na pressao arterial sistolica (de 126,6±7,9 para 118,7±3,9 mmHg, p<0,05) durante o periodo de recuperacao pos-exercicio. Em conclusao, os resultados sugerem que a liberacao de NO e a diminuicao da PA parecem ser intensidade-dependente para individuos com DM2.

Acute Effects of High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on GLP-1, Appetite and Energy Intake in Obese Men: A Crossover Trial

This study investigated the effect of high-intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), appetite and energy intake (EI) in obese men. In a randomized crossover trial, 12 participants (28.4 ± 2.6 years, 35.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2, 39.8 ± 2.2% body fat) performed: (I) Control (CON, no exercise); (II) MICE (20 min, 70% of maximal heart rate) and (III) HIIE (10 × 1 min at 90% of maximal heart rate with 1 min recovery). GLP-1 and appetite were assessed at: (I) PRE: pre-exercise; (II) POST: immediately post-exercise; (III) POST-1 h: 1 h post-exercise. EI was assessed after an ad libitum meal offered 1 h post-exercise and over 24 h. There was a significant time × condition interaction for GLP-1 (p = 0.035). Higher GLP-1 levels in MICE vs. CON (p = 0.024) and a trend for HIIE vs. CON (p = 0.069) POST-1h was found. Hunger was reduced immediately post-HIIE compared to CON (p < 0.01), but was not sustained POST-1 h (p > 0.05). EI did not differ between the sessions 1 h post-exercise or over 24H (p > 0.05). In summary, although MICE increased GLP-1 levels POST-1h and HIIE induced a transient reduction in hunger, both exercise protocols did not impact EI in obese men.

Efeitos agudos de diferentes intensidades e volumes de exercício aeróbio sobre as concentrações de triptofano e serotonina em mulheres idosas fisicamente ativas

Abstract Acute effects of different intensities and amounts of aerobic exercise on the concentrations of tryptophan and serotonin in physically active elderly womenAging causes a decrease in the concentration of serotonin, which in turn, can produce abnormalities of behavior as aggression, insomnia, suicidal or criminal behavior and loss of sexual desire. However, studies show that aerobic exercise seems to increase acutely the concentrations of tryptophan and serotonin. Furthermore, there are no reports of studies that have investigated the effects of different intensities and volumes of aerobic exercise on the concentrations of tryptophan and serotonin in older women physically active. The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of different intensities and volumes of aerobic exercise on the levels of tryptophan and serotonin in older women. For this, 49 older women (aged 60 to 75 years) physically active were divided into six groups: being a control group (CG, n = 8) and fi ve experimental groups: 1) aerobic exercise performed at 90% of ventilatory threshold (VT90, n = 8); 2) intensity exercise performed at ventilatory threshold (VT, n = 8); 3) intensity exercise performed on 90% of the respiratory compensation point (RCP90, n = 8), each with lasting 20 min; 4) maximal incremental test (MIT, n = 8); and 5) exercise held in ventila-tory threshold intensity with lasting 60 min (VT60min, n = 9). Before and after completion of the exercise sessions, venous blood samples were collected to quantify the levels of tryptophan and serotonin. There were no differences (p > 0.05) between and within groups in the concentrations of serotonin and tryptophan. In

Ciclismo arriba del umbral de lactato es más efectivo que abajo para la liberación de óxido nítrico y reducción de la presión arterial después del ejercicio en individuos con diabetes tipo 2

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron examinar y comparar los efectos del ejercicio realizado en diferentes intensidades, arriba y abajo del umbral de lactato (UL), sobre la respuesta de la presion arterial (PA) y el oxido nitrico (NO) en individuos con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Por lo tanto, 11 DM2 se sometieron las siguientes sesiones: 1) sesion control; 2) 20 min de ejercicio en cicloergometro a una intensidad moderada (80%UL); y 3) 20 min de ejercicio en cicloergometro a una intensidad alta (120%UL). El NO plasmatico y las mediciones de la PA fueron realizados en reposo y en 15 y 45 min del periodo de recuperacion para todas las sesiones. En comparacion con el periodo de reposo, solo la sesion de ejercicio realizado a 120%UL promovio aumento de NO (7,2 para 9,5 µM, p<0,05) y, por lo tanto, una disminucion de la presion arterial sistolica (de 126,6±7,9 para 118,7±3,9 mmHg, p<0,05) durante el periodo de recuperacion despues del ejercicio. En conclusion, los resultados sugieren que la liberacion de NO y la disminucion de PA parece ser intensidad-dependiente para individuos con DM2.Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar e comparar os efeitos do exercicio realizado em diferentes intensidades, acima e abaixo do limiar de lactato (LL), sobre a resposta da pressao arterial (PA) e oxido nitrico (NO) em individuos com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Para tanto, 11 DM2 foram submetidos as seguintes sessoes: 1) sessao controle; 2) 20 min de exercicio em cicloergometro em intensidade moderada (80%LL); e 3) 20 min de exercicio em cicloergometro em alta intensidade (120%LL). O NO plasmatico e as medidas de PA foram realizadas no repouso, bem como aos 15 e 45 min do periodo de recuperacao de todas as sessoes. Quando comparado ao periodo de repouso, somente a sessao de exercicio realizado a 120%LL promoveu aumento do NO (de 7,2 para 9,5 µM, p<0,05) e, por conseguinte, uma diminuicao na pressao arterial sistolica (de 126,6±7,9 para 118,7±3,9 mmHg, p<0,05) durante o periodo de recuperacao pos-exercicio. Em conclusao, os resultados sugerem que a liberacao de NO e a diminuicao da PA parecem ser intensidade-dependente para individuos com DM2.

Ciclismo acima do limiar de lactato é mais efetivo que abaixo para liberação de óxido nítrico e redução da pressão arterial pós-exercício em indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron examinar y comparar los efectos del ejercicio realizado en diferentes intensidades, arriba y abajo del umbral de lactato (UL), sobre la respuesta de la presion arterial (PA) y el oxido nitrico (NO) en individuos con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Por lo tanto, 11 DM2 se sometieron las siguientes sesiones: 1) sesion control; 2) 20 min de ejercicio en cicloergometro a una intensidad moderada (80%UL); y 3) 20 min de ejercicio en cicloergometro a una intensidad alta (120%UL). El NO plasmatico y las mediciones de la PA fueron realizados en reposo y en 15 y 45 min del periodo de recuperacion para todas las sesiones. En comparacion con el periodo de reposo, solo la sesion de ejercicio realizado a 120%UL promovio aumento de NO (7,2 para 9,5 µM, p<0,05) y, por lo tanto, una disminucion de la presion arterial sistolica (de 126,6±7,9 para 118,7±3,9 mmHg, p<0,05) durante el periodo de recuperacion despues del ejercicio. En conclusion, los resultados sugieren que la liberacion de NO y la disminucion de PA parece ser intensidad-dependiente para individuos con DM2.Os objetivos do presente estudo foram analisar e comparar os efeitos do exercicio realizado em diferentes intensidades, acima e abaixo do limiar de lactato (LL), sobre a resposta da pressao arterial (PA) e oxido nitrico (NO) em individuos com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Para tanto, 11 DM2 foram submetidos as seguintes sessoes: 1) sessao controle; 2) 20 min de exercicio em cicloergometro em intensidade moderada (80%LL); e 3) 20 min de exercicio em cicloergometro em alta intensidade (120%LL). O NO plasmatico e as medidas de PA foram realizadas no repouso, bem como aos 15 e 45 min do periodo de recuperacao de todas as sessoes. Quando comparado ao periodo de repouso, somente a sessao de exercicio realizado a 120%LL promoveu aumento do NO (de 7,2 para 9,5 µM, p<0,05) e, por conseguinte, uma diminuicao na pressao arterial sistolica (de 126,6±7,9 para 118,7±3,9 mmHg, p<0,05) durante o periodo de recuperacao pos-exercicio. Em conclusao, os resultados sugerem que a liberacao de NO e a diminuicao da PA parecem ser intensidade-dependente para individuos com DM2.