Roger R. Stough

High-technology employment and hub airports

Deregulation of the US domestic air transport market in 1978 brought significant benefits to air travelers. The scheduled airlines have been given the freedom to improve their efficiency through being able to adopt efficient network strategies and more effective operating practices. This study examines empirically the advantages enjoyed by those passengers having access to a major hub airport. These often include more direct services, more frequent services and a wider range of interconnecting destinations. We seek to examine the benefits that local urban areas enjoy as the result of a major airline selecting the region as the fulcrum point for its hub-and-spoke services.

The Emerging Digital Economy

The rapid developments in information and communication technologies (ICTs) and the increased use of ICTs motivate the vision of an evolving digital economy. ICTs are composed of a wide range of product and service technologies including computer hardware, software and services and a host of telecommunications functions that include wire or wireline, and wireless, satellite products and services. The rapid diffusion of ICTs has produced important changes in how goods and services are produced, the nature of the goods and services produced, and the means by which goods and services are brought to the market and distributed to customers. During the last decade this evolving digital economy has been the preeminent driver of structural change and economic growth at both the national and the regional level in the developed, industrialised economies. However, there are substantial differences among countries and regions as regards their role in the development of ICTs and their propensity to adopt and apply ICTs applications in various sectors and activities. Hence, countries and regions differ markedly in how far they have come on the road to the digital economy. The emerging digital economy has attracted much interest in recent years and various authors have used different concepts to characterise the new developments. Besides the digital economy we also find in the literature concepts such as e-economy (Cohen et al. 2000) and information economy1. In the more popular debate it also has been nicknamed “the new economy” (Castells 1996, p.66). The unexpected economic strength of in particular the US economy in the late 1990s stimulated much discussion about the ‘new economy’, and what the emergence of

Dynamic Systems, Variational Inequalities and Control Theoretic Models for Predicting Time-Varying Urban Network Flows

In this paper, we set forth certain axioms for a positive theory of dynamic urban network flows. We then show that mathematical models which fulfill these axioms may be created by adapting and extending certain fundamental notions from microeconomics and nonlinear systems theory. We further show that models created in this fashion, using concepts of fast and slow dynamic processes, may be manipulated into a variety of mathematical forms, thereby providing a synthesis of dynamic systems, variational inequality and control theoretic perspectives for predicting dynamic urban network flows. We close with a discussion of the implications of this synthesis for route guidance and intelligent vehicle infrastructure. Throughout, our presentation is at a conceptual level; the mathematical arguments are purposely not rigorous to embrace the widest possible readership.

Theories of Endogenous Regional Growth — Lessons for Regional Policies

This concluding chapter creates a synthesis of the major aspects and lessons for regional policy presented in the preceding chapters. Common elements are found in the identification of a critical group of decision makers and their objectives, and in the specification of policies that give support to change processes that are essential in the development of knowledge resources, the implementation of new technology and the formation of clusters. Conclusions regarding these issues are embedded in the analysis of infrastructure, institutions and associated local policies supporting endogenous regional growth. This also means that local or regional advantage is understood as the result of territorial competition based on competitive advantages that evolve in a dynamic process. It is also recognised, in major parts, that policy itself is endogenous.

Leadership and institutions in regional endogenous development

The authors of this comprehensive book provide a detailed rationale and original theory for the study of leadership and institutional factors, including entrepreneurship, in the growth and development of cities and regions. They demonstrate why leadership, institutions and entrepreneurship can – and indeed do – play a crucial enhancing role as key elements in the process of regional endogenous growth.

Institutional issues in transport systems

Abstract Modern institutions for constructing, maintaining and operating transport systems evolved as a consequence of the rapid growth in demand for mobility that accompanied the industrial revolution. Thus they traditionally focused on mobility and efficiency objectives. Later as the systems became bigger and more complex to operate safety became an important goal. By the mid-20th Century both in Europe and the US, transportation investment and operational decisions were motivated and dominated by these objectives. During the 1960s, environmental quality and equity became important societal goals. These objectives subsequently found their way into transportation policy. More recently, national competitiveness, economic development and technological leadership have been added to the national policy agenda in general and thus also to the transportation policy agenda. This broadening of objectives has expanded the range of relevant actors in transport policy and operations. As a consequence, the traditional transportation institutional framework is being forced to accommodate a wider than traditional range of objectives and interests at the same time that there is rapid change in transport technology. This paper examines the institutional stress that is being created by the expanded objectives and rapid technological change. The analysis focuses on both the United States and Europe and offers a research agenda for institutional issues in transportation.

Toward a theory of public sector entrepreneurship

Existing theories of public sector entrepreneurship lack a sense of entrepreneurial discovery ubiquitous in human action. Instead, existing theories emphasise rational calculation in a public sector setting. Existing theories of public sector entrepreneurship, therefore, are inadequate to account for the observed entrepreneurial behaviour in political and bureaucratic settings. The purpose of this paper is to redress the limited theories of public sector entrepreneurship by integrating Kirznerian and Schumpeterian theories of entrepreneurship with Buchanan and Tullocks constitutional political economy to move toward a theory of public sector entrepreneurship. The following analytic definition is offered: public sector entrepreneurship occurs whenever a political or governmental actor is alert to, and acts on, potential political profit opportunities, thus equilibrating the policy subsystem in which the actor is embedded and moving it toward a new equilibrium.

The determinants of entrepreneurship development in China

Existing studies of entrepreneurship development are inadequate in measuring the scale of entrepreneurial activity, or analysing its determinants in China. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to provide an analytical framework to better define and measure entrepreneurship in a systematic way, enabling benchmarking with other nations.

Drivers of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Regional Dynamics

Preface.- Part I: Concepts and Models.- Part II: Evidence-Based Analysis: European Studies.- Part III: Evidence-Based Analysis: Non-European Studies.- Part IV: Outlook and Policy.-

(New York: Vintage) pp. 45--55

Over the past generation seaports have undergone a transformation from traditional cargo handling to logistical support centers and changed from bulk shipping and processing to high value-added management centers in an increasingly competitive global environment. Many have reorganized to become leaders of their regions economic development strategies. This paper reviews these changing roles and their impact on organizational issues. This organizational assessment is applied to the port of Kaohsiung and its envisioned role as a commercial hub and operations centre on the Pacific Rim. Issues such as split lines of responsibility, authority and jurisdiction across different levels of government are considered. Competing goals such as economic development, urban waterfront development, metropolitan urban structure, logistical integration, and infrastructure investment are discussed in this context.