Rogério Salvador

Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus spp. group B in Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in hapas nets and earth nurseries in the northern region of Parana State, Brazil

The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize Streptococcus spp. in Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in net-pens and earth nurseries. Eight intensive tilapia-rearing farms were investigated in north Parana, Brazil from April 1st 2001 to April 30th 2002. The fish were reared in a system of hapas nets on four farms and in earth nurseries on other four farms. A total of 370 samples were analyzed of material collected from 120 fish (brain, liver, kidney, skin scrapes, ascites liquid and eye) that were sown on BHI agar (Brain Heart Infusion) supplemented with 1% yeast extract and sheep blood. Streptococcus spp. was isolated in 36 of the samples (18 brain, eight liver, eight kidney and two ascites liquid) from 25 fish. Streptococci were isolated in both systems, almost in the same proportion. First the streptococci were characterized by the catalase and esculin test, growth in methylene blue and sodium chloride at 6.5%. They were classified in groups by the Slidex Strepto-Kit (BioMerieux, France). The phenotypic characteristics were determined by the Api 20 Strep microtest system (BioMerieux, France). The 36 Streptococcus spp. samples did not present hemolysis and were classified as Lancefield group B. Further 16 samples were identified as Streptococcus agalactiae and 20 were not identified by the Api 20 Strep, but presented the same biochemical profile described for the reference strain of Streptococcus difficile (ND-2-22).

Mastite bovina por Mycoplasma bovis em rebanhos leiteiros

In this study 713 cows were examined. The animals were from three dairy farms in northern Parana and the southwest of the State of Sao Paulo. From these cows, 137 had mastitis. On the three farms, 8 cows (1.12%) with Mycoplasma bovis mastitis were detected. Four were treated with tylosin and oxytetracyclin and three with enrofloxacin. There was no response to the treatments, and these animals were culled during the lactation period. One cow treated with enrofloxacin almost totally recovered milk production, but elimination of M. bovis continued during the lactation, and there was no bacteriological cure. This cow had a normal milk production in the next lactation period, without elimination of M. bovis. Culling of positive animals, the bacteriological study and correct application of preventive practices for contagious mastitis controlled the dissemination of M. bovis to other animals.

Etiologia das infecções intramamárias em vacas primíparas ao longo dos primeiros quatro meses de lactação

From 88 primiparous cows, belonging to four dairy herds, during 120 days after parturition, one thousand and eighty five milk samples collected, showed 457 (23.02%) positive microbiological results. Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated in 316 (69.14%) samples, Corynebacterium bovis in 56 (12.25%), streptococci in 41 (8.97%) and coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) in 38 (8.31%). Clinical mastitis was detected in 9 (10.23%) cows. In the first day after parturition, 57 (64.77%) animals and 114 (32.66%) quarters were bacteriologically positive. Until the 14th day there was a remarkable decrease in the number of infections in cows and in quarters, numbers which tended to stabilize later. CNS were isolated through all the experiment while the streptococci tended to disappear in the first few weeks. The infections by C. bovis steadily increased after parturition. Of CNS, S. hyicus and S. intermedius were predominant, and in the streptococci the C and D groups. The average somatic cell count (SCC) was 508.914/m in the infected ones and in the negative quarters It was 73.942/m.