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Dive into the research topics where Roman J. Shypailo is active.

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Featured researches published by Roman J. Shypailo.


American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1997

Bone mineral changes in young women with hypothalamic amenorrhea treated with oral contraceptives, medroxyprogesterone, or placebo over 12 months

Albert C. Hergenroeder; E. O'Brian Smith; Roman J. Shypailo; Lovell A. Jones; William J. Klish; Kenneth J. Ellis

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to assess (1) whether treatment with oral contraceptives, in comparison with medroxyprogesterone and placebo, improved bone mineral in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea and (2) whether treatment with medroxyprogesterone, in comparison with placebo, improved bone mineral in women with hypothalamic oligomenorrhea. STUDY DESIGN The study was a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Twenty-four white women, aged 14 to 28 years, with hypothalamic amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea were prospectively enrolled for a 12-month intervention period. Amenorrheic subjects were randomized to receive oral contraceptives, medroxyprogesterone, or placebo. Oligomenorrheic subjects were randomized to receive medroxyprogesterone or placebo. Bone mineral was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS In amenorrheic subjects spine and total body bone mineral measurements at 12 months were greater in the oral contraceptive group than in the medroxyprogesterone and placebo groups when baseline bone mineral measurements, body weight, and age were controlled for (p < or = 0.05). There were no differences in hip bone mineral calcium and bone mineral density measurements at 12 months among the three groups. In oligomenorrheic subjects there was no detectable improvement in bone mineral associated with medroxyprogesterone use. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis that oral contraceptive use in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea will improve lumbar spine and total body bone mineral.


Journal of Bone and Mineral Research | 2001

Z Score Prediction Model for Assessment of Bone Mineral Content in Pediatric Diseases

Kenneth J. Ellis; Roman J. Shypailo; Dana S. Hardin; Maria D. Perez; Kathleen J. Motil; William W. Wong; Steven A. Abrams

The objective of this study was to develop an anthropometry‐based prediction model for the assessment of bone mineral content (BMC) in children. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure whole‐body BMC in a heterogeneous cohort of 982 healthy children, aged 5–18 years, from three ethnic groups (407 European‐ American [EA], 285 black, and 290 Mexican‐American [MA]). The best model was based on log transformations of BMC and height, adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity. The mean ± SD for the measured/predicted ln ratio was 1.000 ± 0.017 for the calibration population. The model was verified in a second independent group of 588 healthy children (measured/predicted ln ratio = 1.000 ± 0.018). For clinical use, the ratio values were converted to a standardized Z score scale. The whole‐body BMC status of 106 children with various diseases (42 cystic fibrosis [CF], 29 juvenile dermatomyositis [JDM], 15 liver disease [LD], 6 Rett syndrome [RS], and 14 human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]) was evaluated. Thirty‐nine patients had Z scores less than −1.5, which suggest low bone mineral mass. Furthermore, 22 of these patients had severe abnormalities as indicated by Z scores less than −2.5. These preliminary findings indicate that the prediction model should prove useful in determining potential bone mineral deficits in individual pediatric patients.


Journal of Bone and Mineral Research | 2009

Bone mineral and body composition measurements: cross-calibration of pencil-beam and fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometers.

Kenneth J. Ellis; Roman J. Shypailo

Pencil‐beam dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometers (DXA) are being replaced with instruments that rely solely on fan‐beam technology. However, information has been lacking regarding the translation of bone mineral and body composition data between the two devices. We have compared total body scans using pencil‐beam (Hologic QDR‐2000W) and fan‐beam (Hologic QDR‐4500A) instruments for 33 children (ages 3–18 years) and 14 adults. Bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), fat, lean, and body fatness (%fat) values were highly correlated (r2 = 0.984–0.998) between the two DXA instruments. The mean differences between the paired measurements were: ΔBMC = 7.5 ± 73.6 g, ΔBMD = 0.0074 ± 0.0252 g/cm2, Δlean = 1.05 ± 1.8 kg, Δfat = −0.77 ± 1.7 kg, and Δ%fat = −0.94% ± 2.5%. The BMC and BMD values were not statistically different, whereas the differences for the body composition values were significant (p < 0.02–0.005). Regression equations are provided for conversion of bone and body composition data between pencil‐beam and fan‐beam values for the whole body. To test the performance of these equations for a second group (23 subjects), predicted values were compared with the measured data obtained using the fan‐beam instrument. The mean differences were −1.0% to 1.4%, except for body fat mass, where the difference was 6.4%. For cross‐sectional studies, the two DXA technologies can be considered equivalent after using the translational equations provided. For longitudinal studies in which small changes in body composition for the individual are to be detected, we recommend that the same DXA instrument be used whenever possible. For example, transition from a pencil‐beam to a fan‐beam instrument could, in extreme cases, result in differences as large as 19% for the estimate of body fat mass.


The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | 2009

Soy isoflavone supplementation and bone mineral density in menopausal women: a 2-y multicenter clinical trial

William W. Wong; Richard D. Lewis; Francene M. Steinberg; Michael J. Murray; Margaret A. Cramer; Paula Amato; Ronald L. Young; Stephen Barnes; Kenneth J. Ellis; Roman J. Shypailo; J. Kennard Fraley; Karen Konzelmann; Joan G. Fischer; E. O'Brian Smith

BACKGROUND Isoflavones are naturally occurring plant estrogens that are abundant in soy. Although purported to protect against bone loss, the efficacy of soy isoflavone supplementation in the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women remains controversial. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to test the effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on bone health. DESIGN A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 24-mo trial was conducted to assess the effects of daily supplementation with 80 or 120 mg of soy hypocotyl aglycone isoflavones plus calcium and vitamin D on bone changes in 403 postmenopausal women. Study subjects were tested annually and changes in whole-body and regional bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and T scores were assessed. Changes in serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism were also assessed. RESULTS After study site, soy intake, and pretreatment values were controlled for, subjects receiving a daily supplement with 120 mg soy isoflavones had a statistically significant smaller reduction in whole-body BMD than did the placebo group both at 1 y (P < 0.03) and at 2 y (P < 0.05) of treatment. Smaller decreases in whole-body BMD T score were observed among this group of women at 1 y (P < 0.03) but not at 2 y of treatment. When compared with the placebo, soy isoflavone supplementation had no effect on changes in regional BMD, BMC, T scores, or biochemical markers of bone metabolism. CONCLUSION Daily supplementation with 120 mg soy hypocotyl isoflavones reduces whole-body bone loss but does not slow bone loss at common fracture sites in healthy postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00665860.


Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 2006

The Reference Child and Adolescent Models of Body Composition: A Contemporary Comparisona

Kenneth J. Ellis; Roman J. Shypailo; Steven A. Abrams; William W. Wong

Abstract: Changes in the relative proportions of bone, muscle, water, visceral tissues, and body fat occur during growth. In the 1980s, reference models of body composition for children and adolescents were constructed by adjusting data on total body water (TBW), total body potassium (TBK), and regional bone mineral (BMC) data from several different Caucasian populations. In our study, we measured TBW, TBK, and total body BMC in 856 healthy European‐American, African‐American, and Mexican‐American children. When we reconstructed the reference models using our contemporary data, we found that the bodys bone, protein, and fat compartments are slightly but significantly different from the earlier models. Our study provides the range of normal body composition of healthy children, aged 5–18 years, and accounts for differences related to gender and ethnicity.


Acta Diabetologica | 2003

Bone mineral mass in overweight and obese children: diminished or enhanced?

Kenneth J. Ellis; Roman J. Shypailo; William W. Wong; Steven A. Abrams

Abstract.Childhood obesity has become a worldwide health problem. Recent studies have suggested that obese and overweight children have lower bone mass. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to examine the relation between bone mineral content (BMC) and body fatness (%Fat) in healthy children. Obese children (%Fat>30%) had higher BMC compared with age-, gender-, and ethnic-matched children with normal adiposity (%Fat<25%). When adjusted for height, these differences were less significant. We conclude obese children do not have lower whole-body BMC when compared with leaner children, even when adjusted for height, age, gender, and ethnicity.


Obesity | 2008

DXA: Can It Be Used as a Criterion Reference for Body Fat Measurements in Children?

Roman J. Shypailo; Nancy F. Butte; Kenneth J. Ellis

Objective: Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) is often cited as a criterion method for body composition measurements. We have previously shown that a new DXA software version (Hologic Discovery V12.1) will affect whole‐body bone mineral results for subjects weighing <40 kg. We wished to reanalyze pediatric whole‐body scans in order to assess the impact of the new software on pediatric soft‐tissue body composition estimates.


The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | 2011

Clinical outcomes of a 2-y soy isoflavone supplementation in menopausal women

Francene M. Steinberg; Michael J. Murray; Richard D. Lewis; Margaret A. Cramer; Paula Amato; Ronald L. Young; Stephen Barnes; Karen Konzelmann; Joan G. Fischer; Kenneth J. Ellis; Roman J. Shypailo; J. Kennard Fraley; E. O'Brian Smith; William W. Wong

BACKGROUND Soy isoflavones are naturally occurring phytochemicals with weak estrogenic cellular effects. Despite numerous clinical trials of short-term isoflavone supplementation, there is a paucity of data regarding longer-term outcomes and safety. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of soy hypocotyl isoflavone supplementation in healthy menopausal women as a secondary outcome of a trial on bone health. DESIGN A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 24-mo trial was conducted to assess the effects of daily supplementation with 80 or 120 mg aglycone equivalent soy hypocotyl isoflavones plus calcium and vitamin D on the health of 403 postmenopausal women. At baseline and after 1 and 2 y, clinical blood chemistry values were measured and a well-woman examination was conducted, which included a mammogram and a Papanicolaou test. A cohort also underwent transvaginal ultrasound measurements to assess endometrial thickness and fibroids. RESULTS The baseline characteristics of the groups were similar. After 2 y of daily isoflavone exposure, all clinical chemistry values remained within the normal range. The only variable that changed significantly was blood urea nitrogen, which increased significantly after 2 y (P = 0.048) but not after 1 y (P = 0.343) in the supplementation groups. Isoflavone supplementation did not affect blood lymphocyte or serum free thyroxine concentrations. No significant differences in endometrial thickness or fibroids were observed between the groups. Two serious adverse events were detected (one case of breast cancer and one case of estrogen receptor-negative endometrial cancer), which was less than the expected population rate for these cancers. CONCLUSION Daily supplementation for 2 y with 80-120 mg soy hypocotyl isoflavones has minimal risk in healthy menopausal women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00665860.


Journal of The American College of Nutrition | 2004

Bone and Body Composition Measurements of Small Subjects: Discrepancies from Software for Fan-Beam Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Winston W. K. Koo; Mouhanad Hammami; Roman J. Shypailo; Kenneth J. Ellis

Objectives: A piglet model was used to determine the variations in measurements from different software algorithms used in the same type of dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA) instruments from the same manufacturer. Methods: Forty-one piglets (6190 +/− 5856g, mean +/− SD) were scanned in duplicate with a fan-beam densitometer (Hologic QDR4500A, Hologic Inc, Bedford, MA) in the infant whole body scan mode. The same scans were analyzed with two software versions: vKH6 (validated with carcass chemical measurement) and v11.2 (commercial software from the same densitometer manufacturer). Results: All analysis values were highly correlated (r = 0.90 to 1.00) and DXA values for total weights were almost identical. However, v11.2 results consistently overestimated bone mineral content (49.3 +/− 23.4%, mean +/− SD), bone area (21.1 +/− 8.2%), bone mineral density (24.1 +/− 22.2%), and fat mass (160.9 +/− 71.7%) but underestimated lean mass (−14.3 +/− 5.5%) when compared to the values from vKH6. Differences between software versions increased with heavier piglets. Conclusion: The commercial software for fan-beam DXA measurement of piglets, matched for the size of human infants and young children, has major inaccuracies for bone mineral and body composition that become further exaggerated with increasing weight of the subject.


Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition | 1999

Fat mass in infants and toddlers: comparability of total body water, total body potassium, total body electrical conductivity, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Nancy F. Butte; Carolyn J Heinz; Judy M. Hopkinson; William W. Wong; Roman J. Shypailo; Kenneth J. Ellis

BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of body composition in infants and children is fundamental to understanding normal growth and development. Validation of methods applicable to pediatric populations is needed. In the absence of a gold standard, this study was conducted to compare methods using total body water, total body potassium, total body electrical conductivity, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements for the estimation of body fat mass in infants and toddlers. METHODS Repeated body composition measurements were performed on 76 healthy term infants at 0.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Total body water was determined by deuterium dilution and converted to fat-free mass. Total body electrical conductivity was used to measure fat mass. Total body potassium was estimated by whole-body counting and converted to fat-free mass. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to estimate fat mass at 0.5, 12, and 24 months only. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparisons at 5%. RESULTS Significant differences among methods were encountered at each age (p = 0.001-0.05). The rank order of the methods and the magnitude of the method differences were a function of age, not of gender or infant feeding mode. Wide limits of agreement imply that the methods are not interchangeable for group or individual measurements. CONCLUSIONS Methods using total body water, total body potassium, total body electrical conductivity, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to estimate body fat mass in infants and toddlers are not interchangeable and require further development and validation.

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Kenneth J. Ellis

Baylor College of Medicine

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William W. Wong

Baylor College of Medicine

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Nancy F. Butte

Baylor College of Medicine

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E. O'Brian Smith

Baylor College of Medicine

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Karen Konzelmann

Baylor College of Medicine

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