Roman Kulikowski

A theory of motivation and satisfaction with application to decision support

The paper deals with optimization of allocation of human resources among different activities. It is assumed that an individual is characterized by a “risk averse” and “constant return to scale” utility function of two variables: motivation to perform and reward following the performance. The individual is trying to maximize the utility by the best allocation of his time resources among the activities and by selecting the best portfolio of activities. Motivations are regarded, generally, as the product of the individuals preferences (i.e. subjective choice probabilities), productivities of time, output prices, performance and access probabilities, etc., while the rewards are profits or salaries connected with each activity. Satisfaction is defined as the maximum of utility attained for the optimum allocation and selection strategies. It is shown that for the given “equitable reward rate”, the optimum allocation and portfolio selection strategies can be derived explicitly and the derivation does not require the explicit knowledge of the individuals utility function.

Optimum control of environment development system

The paper deals with optimization of a class of systems called the environment development systems (EDS) such as e.g. ecological, social, demographic or economic systems, urban development or transport systems, which change their structure in time as a result of growth, evolution, development, investments, etc. These systems have been studied in the present paper from the point of view of the optimum control theory. The model of EDS which is introduced in the paper can be treated as an extension of multisector economic growth. It is described by a system of nonlinear differential equations which include n exogeneous and m endogeneous controlled factors or processes. Then several optimum control problems can be formulated for the EDS model. The first class, which is solved in the paper, is optimum allocation of resources of endogeneous factors under the assumption that the global amount of resources is fixed. The next class of optimization problems is the optimum investments or reproduction policy. That class of problems can be solved only for relatively simple systems. However, the decomposition of complex problems into a number of simple subproblems is possible. The model studied has an important property. The macro-model represent an aggregated system of the collection of micro-models. As a result the decentralization of control actions at the macro-level, e.g. the government-level and the micro-level, e.g. the production plant-level, follows. The overall optimum planning strategy can be achieved by exchange of information between macro- and micro-levels. The results obtained in the paper can be used in the decentralized development planning models. As a concrete example, the development planning of an integrated power system has been studied.

Support of Natural, by Artificial, Intelligence Using Utility as Behavioral Goal

The paper deals with support of natural intelligence employing the concept of two factors utility which characterizes the sustainable development. The first factor represents the long-term expected profit of generalized capital investment.

Modelling of Allocation of Social Resources and Decision Support

The notion of social resources as used here denotes the stock of qualified labour, expressed in working time (e.g. man-year) units, as well as capital or financial resources, which are used to produce public goods, such as: education, science, health and social care, environment quality etc.

Large Scale Models of Employment and Income Distribution

Abstract The paper deals with Model of employment and income distribution in large seale socio-economic system. The supply and demand functions for labour at rural and urban areas are constructed and evaluated. The Authorities can control the labour transfers by changing the income differentials.

Optimization and Negotiation of Complex Service Program with an Application to Tourism

Abstract The paper deals with complex service programs which consist of a number of activities occuring in tandem or parallel in time. Each activity is described by a model of time dependent utility function. The methodology for aggregation and optimization of programs, as well as an application to tourism is given. To resolve possible conflicts among tourists, who participate in the same group and have different utilities, a negotiation system is proposed.

Allocation of research funds in competitive environment. A computerized negotiation system

The paper is concerned with the problem of financing of complex research programs. One of tasks to be solved consists in assigning research teams, willing to participate in a given program, to research projects being its elements, under conditions of constrained budget. It is assumed that the strategy of every research team head is to maximize the average time-discounted income per person. In the previous paper of the authors a special negotiation procedure has been proposed to solve this problem. This paper presents some possible extensions and modifications of the procedure. At each stage of this procedure the heads of research teams involved have to make decisions on the assignment of their workers to particular projects. The proposed system of interactions among the research teams heads provides a possibility of reaching the consensus in the matter of this assignment. Simultaneously, it makes possible to solve the problem of research funds allocation. Such a system is considered as a multiperson game of Nash type with the non-zero sum of the players payments.

Modelling and Control of Complex Environmental, Economic and Social Development

Abstract The paper deals with a complex model of development, which consists of three interacting spheres of activity: Environment, Production and Society. In the Environment the food and natural resources sub models are included, while the Society sphere includes population, labour and planning and management subsystems (FM). 7he PM subsystem formulates optimum strategy of allocation of labour and capital resources according to given development objectives. Using the model the feasible development strategies, programs and forecasts of future development can be derived

Modelling and Optimum Control of Development of Regional Systems

Abstract The paper deals with a long horizon model of regional development. The model consists of a number of regions within the given country which uses the planned economy. Each region specializes in the given production profile and is described by the production function, which depends on the production factors such as capital, labour force, etc. The central planning and decision unit allocates the production factors among the regions in such a way that the given performance measure is maximum. In the present paper the integrated discounted production is used as the main performance measure. It is assumed that the total amount of resources in the planning interval is constrained, i.e. the investments are limited by the GNP generated, while the labour force is predetermined by demographic factors and inter-regional migrations. Besides the migration costs such as housing and other facilities are taken into account. The optimum strategy of regional development indicates how to allocate the investments and the labour force (by the proper policy in migrations and demography) subject to the constraints.

Optimum allocation of production factors in regional systems

Abstract The paper deals with optimization of regional development. The optimum strategy of allocation of production factors over space and time has been derived. As an example, the optimum allocation of labor between rural and urban regions in Poland was studied.