Ronald Sánchez

Molecular systematics and phylogeography of Cebus capucinus (Cebidae, Primates) in Colombia and Costa Rica by means of the mitochondrial COII gene

We propose the first molecular systematic hypothesis for the origin and evolution of Cebus capucinus based on an analysis of 710 base pairs (bp) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) mitochondrial gene in 121 C. capucinus specimens sampled in the wild. The animals came from the borders of Guatemala and Belize, Costa Rica, and eight different departments of Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó, Sucre, Bolivar, Córdoba, Magdalena, Cauca, and Valle del Cauca). Three different and significant haplotype lineages were found in Colombia living sympatrically in the same departments. They all presented high levels of gene diversity but the third Colombian gene pool was determined likely to be the most ancestral lineage. The second Colombian mitochondrial (mt) haplogroup is likely the source of origin of the unique Central America mt haplogroup that was detected. Our molecular population genetics data do not agree with the existence of two well‐defined subspecies in Central America (limitaneus and imitator). This Central America mt haplogroup showed significantly less genetic diversity than the Colombian mt haplogroups. All the C. capucinus analyzed showed evidence of historical population expansions. The temporal splits among these four C. capucinus lineages were related to the completion of the Panamanian land bridge as well as to climatic changes during the Quaternary Period. Am. J. Primatol. 74:366–380, 2012.

Presencia de Plasmodium brasilianum (Apicomplexa, Plasmodidae) en el mono congo (Alouatta palliata, Primates: Cebidae) de Costa Rica: Importancia epidemiológica en relación con el ser humano

***, OLGA MARTA GUERRERO*,GUSTAVO GUTIERREZ** y RONALD SANCHEZ***** Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Tropicales, Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Microbiologia,Universidad de Costa Rica.** Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica.*** Departamento de Investigacion, Universidad de Ciencias Medicas (UCIMED).**** Sede de Occidente, Universidad de Costa Rica.Direccion: Misael Chinchilla Carmona Ph.D. Departamento de de Parasitologia, Facultad de Microbiologia,Universidad de Costa Rica. San Jose, Costa Rica, America Central. Email: chinchillacm@UCIMED.com

Two New Eimeria Spp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Dusky Rice Rat, Melanomys caliginosus, Tome 1860, in Costa Rica

Abstract:  We collected fecal samples from 9 dusky rice rats, Melanomys caliginosus (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae), in a Biological Reserve in Costa Rica and found 8 (89%) to be infected with 2 Eimeria species which we describe here as new. Sporulated oocysts (n = 20) of the first, Eimeria melanomytis n. sp., are cylindroidal and measure 20.1 × 13.3 μm (18–23 × 13–15); micropyle and oocyst residuum are both absent, but a bilobular polar granule is present. Its sporocysts are ovoidal, 10.5 × 7.4 μm (10–13 × 6–8) with a small Stieda body, but both substieda and parastieda bodies are absent; a spheroidal sporocyst residuum is present, ∼5 μm wide. Sporulated oocysts (n = 20) of the second, Eimeria rebambensis n. sp., are subspheroidal, 21.2 × 17.0 μm (19–23 × 14–18); micropyle and oocyst residuum are both absent, but with a polar granule ∼2 μm wide. Sporocysts are elongate-ovoidal, 12.4 × 7.0 μm (11–14 × 6–9) with a distinct knob-like Stieda body, and a substieda body directly beneath it which is about twice as wide, but no parastieda body is present; the sporocyst residuum is an irregular mass composed of 8–10 globules scattered among the sporozoites, which are ∼10 × 5 μm, and have 1 refractile body at their wider end and a central nucleus. These are the first eimerians described from this rodent genus.

Parásitos en monos carablanca Cebus capucinus (Primates: Cebidae) de Costa Rica

***, OLGA M. GUERRERO*, GUSTAVO A. GUTIERREZ-ESPELETA**,RONALD SANCHEZ**** y IDALIA VALERIO CAMPOS**** Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Tropicales, Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Microbiologia,Universidad de Costa Rica.** Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica.*** Departamento de Investigacion, Universidad de Ciencias Medicas (UCIMED).**** Sede de Occidente, Universidad de Costa Rica.

Presencia de Trypanosoma minasense (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) en Alouatta palliata (Primates: Cebidae) de Costa Rica

* Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad deMicrobiologia Universidad de Costa Rica.** Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica.*** Escuela de Biologia, Centro Regional de Occidente, Universidad de Costa Rica.**** Departamento de Investigacion, Universidad de Ciencias Medicas.Direccion: Misael Chinchilla. Facultad de Microbiologia, Universidad de Costa Rica. San Jose, Costa Rica,America Central.

Fur mite, Listrocarpus alouattae Fain (Acari: Atopomelidae), from Alouatta palliata Gray (Primates: Cebidae) in Costa Rica

Abstract Preliminary results of a study on ectoparasites of Costa Rican monkeys are presented. Thirty six mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata Gray, 1849) and 3 capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus Linnaeus, 1758) from different zones of the country were examined for ectoparasites. Fur mites of the family Atopomelidae were found on 2 of the individuals of A. palliata, which were identified as Listrocarpus alouattae Fain, 1972 (Acari: Astigmata). A statistical analysis showed differences between most measurements of these specimens and those described by Fain (1979) suggesting that there are intraspecific variations in L. alouattae.

Yeasts Isolated from Alouatta Palliata, Ateles Geoffroyi, Cebus Capucinus and Saimiri oerstedii (Primates: Cebidae)

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Intestinal Life Cycle of Eimeria caliginosa (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From the Dusky Rice Rat, Melanomys caliginosus (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae), In Costa Rica

Abstract The endogenous life cycle of Eimeria caliginosa was studied in experimentally infected dusky rice rats, Melanomys caliginosus. All endogenous stages were located in the epithelial cells of villi in the small intestine. Both Giemsa-stained mucosal scrapings and histological sections were studied for the diagnosis of all the life-cycle stages. Eimeria caliginosa has 3 generations of meronts (M) that differ by size, shape, and number of merozoites (m), which also differ in their size, shape, and location of their nuclei within the cytoplasm of the meronts. The 3 meront types, M1–M3, respectively, had 20–33 (m1), 5–9 (m2), and 13–16 (m3) merozoites. Macrogametocytes and microgametocytes, as well as macrogametes and microgametes, completed the sexual cycle, which concludes with the formation of unsporulated oocysts. This parasites endogenous development produced severe intestinal lesions in the experimentally infected dusky rice rats. In our ongoing work to understand the biodiversity present in plants and animals of the protected Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (ReBAMB) field station in Costa Rica, we now have discovered 3 new Eimeria species, and this is the second complete life cycle in which we document both the asexual and sexual stages.

Endogenous Life Cycle of Eimeria melanomytis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Dusky Rice Rat, Melanomys caliginosus (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in Costa Rica

Abstract Endogenous stages of the life cycle of Eimeria melanomytis, infecting the peripheral epithelial cells of villi of the small intestine of experimentally infected young dusky rice rats, Melanomys caliginosus, were studied. Giemsa-stained mucosal scrapings and histological sections were examined for all the stages. Eimeria melanomytis has 3 generations of meronts (M), different in size, shape, and number of merozoites (m); and in size, shape, and location of the nuclei within the cytoplasm of the meronts. The 3 meront types, M1–M3, respectively, had 11–14 (m1), 7–10 (m2), and 20–30 (m3) merozoites. Macrogametocytes and microgametocytes, as well as macrogametes and microgametes, complete the sexual cycle forming the unsporulated oocysts. This parasites endogenous development produced severe intestinal lesions in experimentally infected dusky rice rats.

Trypanosoma minasense (KINETOPLASTIDA: TRYPANOSOMATIDAE) IN Alouatta palliata (PRIMATES: CEBIDAE) OF COSTA RICA

* Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad deMicrobiologia Universidad de Costa Rica.** Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica.*** Escuela de Biologia, Centro Regional de Occidente, Universidad de Costa Rica.**** Departamento de Investigacion, Universidad de Ciencias Medicas.Direccion: Misael Chinchilla. Facultad de Microbiologia, Universidad de Costa Rica. San Jose, Costa Rica,America Central.