Ronaldo de Oliveira Sales

Desempenho de ovinos em terminação alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de dejetos de suínos

The objective of this research was to evaluate total rations with differents levels of swine waste on the productive performance of sheep, in a feedlot system during 56 days, where seven days of adaptation and 49 days for data collect. Were utilized 32 Santa Ines hair sheep, aged seven months aproximately and with average body weight of 25.2±3.9 kg, distributed in four blocks as for body weight. A randomized complete block design, with four treatments (Swine waste levels: T1=0%, T2=4.2%, T3=8.4% and T4=12.6%) was followed. No effect of treatments to dry matter intake (89.44±1.01 gDM/kgW0.75 and 3.83±0.06% of the BW), average daily gain (200.36±0.03 gBW/animal/day) and feed conversion (5.73±0.50 kgDM/kgBW gain) was observed. The results of treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 for crude protein intake were 0.71, 0.72, 0.80 and 0.78% of the BW and 16.81, 16.68, 18.53a and 18.03 gCP/ kgW0.75, and for NDF intake 1.61, 1.72, 1.91 and 1.70% of the BW and 35.82, 40.27, 44.25 and 38.81 gNDF/kgW0.75. The inclusion of swine waste until 12.6% on the diets for lamb males, in feedlot system had satisfactory result for average daily gain of body weight and feed conversion, and the decision of utilization of this by-product will be in function of the relative price of the others ingredients, focusing to reduce cost of the diet.

Fresh and matured lamb meat quality fed with sunflower seeds and vitamin E

The objective of the study is to evaluate meat quality from Ile de France lamb fed diets supplemented with sunflower seeds and vitamin E. Thirty-two lamb weighing initially 15kg were housed in individual stalls and slaughtered when body weight reached 32kg. The treatments consisted of four experimental diets: D1) sugarcane + concentrate without sunflower seeds; D2) sugarcane + concentrate with sunflower seeds; D3) sugarcane + concentrate without sunflower seeds plus 1000mg vitamin E kg-1 diet dry matter (DM); and D4) sugarcane + concentrate with sunflower seeds and 1000mg vitamin E kg-1 diet DM. The parameters temperature, pH, color, cooking loss, shear force and water holding capacity were determined at maturation times of 0, 7 and 14 days on the Longissimus dorsi muscle. Qualitative characteristics of the meat were not affected by the sunflower seed combined with vitamin E diet; however, pH 24 hours was affected (P 0.05) by diet or maturation times. On the other hand, shear force and water holding capacity were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the treatments. The use of vitamin E resulted in lamb meat with higher water holding capacity. Maturation time influenced the parameters pH, color and shear force. Lamb meat that matured for 7 days displayed the lowest shear force.

Non carcass components of lambs of different genotypes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the weight and the economic viability of the weight of components of the Santa Ines sheep and crossbred Dorper x Santa Ines finished in feedlot system. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Benjamin Maranhão, belonging to State Company of Agricultural Research of Paraiba (EMEPA). 30 animals were used (10 Santa Ines, 10 1⁄2 Dorper crossbred x 1⁄2 Santa Ines and 10 3⁄4 Dorper x 1⁄4 Santa Ines), housed in collective cages in the period from April to June 2013. The diet was provided in the form of mixture complete, consisting of 17% CP and 78% Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal Brazilian Journal of Hygiene and Animal Sanity ISSN: 1981-2965

Hybrid fish and its reproductive fragility

___________________________________________________________________________ Resumo: Os híbridos se originam a partir de acasalamentos entre grupos populacionais de base genética distinta em uma, ou mais, caraterística hereditária, cuja variabilidade pode contribuir para a ocorrência dos tipos reprodutivos e interação ecológica dos mais diferentes habitats. Por isso, o entendimento dos mecanismos da hibridização tornase um pré-requisito importante na identificação de mudanças genéticas específicas responsáveis pela caracterização de espécie e redução do fitness desses híbridos. Nesses descendentes híbridos, cujas populações cruzadas são geneticamente divergentes, têm-se evidenciado interações desfavoráveis dos genomas parentais proporcionados pela introgressão (transferência de material genético de uma espécie para outra via hibridização) documentada em animais e, principalmente, numa ampla variedade de plantas. Em peixes essas combinações tem resultado, algumas vezes, numa expressão produtiva vantajosa, como se observa em tilápias, com a obtenção de indivíduos somente do sexo masculino favorecendo manejo e crescimento, enquanto em outros nem tanto, como nos indivíduos ginogenéticos de P. mesopotamicus, que não deixam qualquer descendência F2 híbrida. Quando as espécies progenitoras apresentam números diploides idênticos e os cromossomos são herdados de forma equitativa, esses descendentes híbridos geralmente são férteis. Na maioria destes tipos híbridos ocorre reprodução sexuada, com sua diversidade promovida por meio da recombinação meiótica; numa minoria, de unissexuais, ela é assexuada, sem que na herança da descendência ocorra qualquer modificação pela recombinação. Os genótipos recombinantes resultantes dessa hibridização, sem que sejam submetidos à seleção, tornam-se em média, consequentemente, constituídos de indivíduos menos adaptados que seus pais. Assim, a hibridização, face à sua complexidade, torna-se um fator crucial para se entender os sistemas da heterose e da introgressão, nas espécies progenitoras, bem como da evolução dos híbridos ao longo do tempo.

Sexual Definition: is there a pattern in the sexuality of fish? A Revision.

The fish are found in the most diverse aquatic habitats, ranging from high altitudes the depressions far below sea level, which reflects a wide range of existing species. This condition is due to diversity genomics be enriched by the fusion of the gametes in the training of individuals and in sex determination. Of genetic recombinations, during the processes of cell division and reproductive strategies, which result in a broad adaptive plasticity, both biological and ecological. All this becomes possible through the playback, where also if there is a great diversity of forms, even if there is a pattern of sexual development as well defined as male or female in the majority of species, constituting the gonochorists, and a small fraction formed by types of reproductive unisexual sessile and hermaphrodites. The explanation of this diversity has as a basis the property of retaining the dual sexual potentiality of primordial germ cells, found in different stages in gonadogenesis, and by their ability to differentiate during the reproductive life, a biological base kept by teleosts, constituting all plasticity. For this reason, it was possible to observe species that show great stability and other very labile to change the sex throughout their life. These different forms of reproduction has its origin in the great variety of mechanisms responsible for both sex determination as to formation of patterns of sexual differentiation, which include a genetic basis, with monogenic and polygenic systems, and the influence of different environmental factors, mainly temperature and social interactions. Although the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation are conserved in mammals and birds, in fish seem to be very unstable. This suggests that, in evolutionary terms, an accumulation of evidence of participatory process in favor of a unification of strategies that emphasize the genetic factors and the environment. In particular, it seems that the environmental factors govern the force responsible for sexual development and by developments in all levels, with the selection and genetic drift having been responsible for establishing a standard capable of characterizing the current sexual determination. Thus, the proposal would be: in what way or in what level these factors contribute to driving the evolutionary process, independent of any context and in a way wholly holistic.

Evaluation of different concentrations of organic fertilizer produced from wastes of fish and vegetables in developing the culture of chives (Allium schoenoprasum)

Population growth in urban centers has worsened the problem of management of solid waste generated by residents, caused mainly by the volume of waste produced and the consumer lifestyle. In this context waste recycling, whether agricultural or industrial origin, originating from diverse supply chains, whose improper disposal can cause negative impacts to the environment, such as waste from the fishing industry, presents itself as an important tool for minimize the deficit of organic fertilizers to ecological production systems. Thus, this study aimed to propose a sustainable alternative for disposal of fish waste generated from kiosks and beach huts in Fortaleza Ceara, thus producing organic compost made from discarded material (viscera, head , spine and scales), thus adding, value to this waste, helping to break the dependence on chemical fertilizers by farmers and reducing the environmental impacts caused by its disposal in the city of Fortaleza. The chemical analysis of organic fertilizer from fish showed positive results, with rich Fe, Ca, P, K, Mg, Mn and N, claiming that this organic compound is an excellent alternative to get good yields in agriculture.

Poisonous plants of interest livestock found in northeastern Brazil

In this paper we will discuss the toxic plants of interest, livestock, ie, plants that had toxicity proven through experiments with domestic animals. Are classified as toxic plants of interest livestock species under natural conditions which cause poisoning in animals. In this regard, not all plants demonstrated experimentally to be regarded as toxic toxic plants of interest for livestock not produce the clinical and pathological under natural conditions. These plants cause great harm to the producer may be in direct losses which are quickly identified occurring death, reduced growth, weight loss, reproductive problems such as miscarriages, birth defects and lower conception rate, and may also cause indirect losses such as building fences , changes in the management and medical expenses.

Functional Properties of Getting silage Acid and Biological Waste Fish. A Review

Disposal of waste from fish industrialization can be directed to various types of exploitation and divided into four categories: human food, animal feed (pet food), fertilizers or chemicals. fish flour is a good way to waste recovery, but requires expensive equipment and procedures, to be economically viable, the minimum production would reach 10 tons / day. Other options that are configured are the fish silage and composted with other materials or industrial waste, producing high-value products.

Possibilities of commercial exploitation of rheophilic fish in captivity: A review

The majority of fish species reared in captivity presents some form of reproductive dysfunction. In females may appear failures of final maturation of the ova, ovulation and the spawning; while in males occurs a decrease in the production of milt and in its quality. These dysfunctions appear due to the modification of the natural conditions of reproduction of the fish in captivity, originated from the lack of external stimuli needed for induction the pituitary to release of gonadotropins. In overcoming these disturbances have been used the hormones of reproduction for over fifty years, initially as pituitary extracts to stimulate the reproductive processes of spermiation, ovulation induction and spawning. More recently the hormones derived from fish and mammals, such as the carp, salmon and chorionic gonadotropin, and employment of new methods, with the factors releasers of gonadotropins (GnRH), which induce the release of gonadotropin own pituitary decreasing the markest failures in creations in captivity. The development of synthetic agonists of GnRH (GnRHa), highly powerful, consist of the new generations of therapies to hormonal manipulation, creating new possibilities with the use of hormones for the control of reproductive processes in aquaculture. The products developed more recently incorporate the GnRHa in polymeric system release long, with the effects of the hormone extending by extensive periods that last for days and even weeks. These systems eliminate the need for multiple treatments, in addition to induce the development of germ cells and the synchronization of multiple spawns. These different forms of GnRH recently found and their better knowledge certainly will be widely used in therapy for spawning. New strategies must be developed to enable a improve achievement of spawning, possibly with research to correct levels of GnRH rolling stock.

Atrophic Rhinitis and its importance in animal pig industry: A review

The Atrophic Rhinitis is a contagious infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract. It is characterized by being a high prevalence disease in pig farms, this fact gives to the Atrophic Rhinitis the status of an important disease that cause economic losses due to its pathogenicity, because its causes loss of production and its is hardly eradicated from herds.This article aimed to approach the main topics related to this disease through a literature review. These revised points are related with the diseases epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, forms of treatment, such as the control and prophylaxis.