Ronessa Bartolomeu de Souza

Produtividade do tomateiro em diferentes substratos e modelos de casas de vegetação

The trial was carried out at Embrapa Hortalicas, in Brasilia, Brazil, to evaluate the performance of tomato crop production during two years (2000 and 2001), under three greenhouse models and different types of substrates. The greenhouse models were arch roof; even span and an arch roof with upper convective aperture. The substrates were rice husk, carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber, sawdust, coarsed sawdust, rockwool and a substrate for seedling production used at Embrapa Hortalicas. No significant statistical difference was verified for tomatoes cultivated in coconut fiber (10,4 kg m-2), sawdust (9,9 kg m-2), carbonized rice husk (9,3 kg m-2) and coarse sawdust (9,0 kg m-2). On the other hand, the smallest production was obtained for tomatoes cultivated in rockwool (6,4 kg m-2 ). There was a yield reduction between cultivation years due to the South American tomato moth (Tuta absoluta) in all greenhouses. Coconut fiber and carbonized rice husk yielded the heaviest fruits, 128 g and 123 g respectively.

Dinâmica de cálcio e magnésio em folhas e frutos de Coffea arabica

Knowledge on mineral nutrient dynamics in coffee trees is important to identify the period of greatest nutritional requirement by the plant, allowing the improvement of fertilization techniques. The aim of our research was to study Ca and Mg dynamics in coffee fruits from anthesis to maturation and compare it with the dynamics of the same elements in leaves of productive branch leaves. The experiment was carried out with three Arabic coffee varieties (Catuai Vermelho IAC-99, Rubi MG-1192 and Acaia IAC-474-19) in three independent trials (low, sufficient and high fertilizer levels), arranged in randomized blocks with two replications using a split-plot scheme in time. The varieties presented the highest Ca and Mg fruit concentrations in the initial growth stage and decreasing concentrations in the stages of fast fruit expansion. In the stages of ceasing fruit growth and fruit formation-maturation little or no variation was observed in the Ca and Mg fruit concentrations. In the 3rd and 4th pair of leaves of the productive branches Ca and Mg concentrations decreased in the beginning of the reproductive period and recovered afterwards. In general, the fertilization levels influenced the Ca and Mg concentration in fruits and leaves of the varieties of Arabic coffee plant throughout the reproductive period. However, Ca and Mg concentrations in leaves and fruits were not only influenced by the fertilizer levels, but by other factors as well that determine the distribution rate of the mineral elements in the coffee plants, such as fruit load.

Coffee‐Tree Floral Analysis as a Mean of Nutritional Diagnosis

Abstract Plant part analysis for evaluating the nutritional state of the crops is a practice commonly used. The analysis of flowers can allow an earlier diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies, excesses or unbalances, which facilitates its correction before the occurrence of irreversible losses in productivity and quality. The objective of this study were to determine the coffee tree (Coffea arabica L.) flower nutrients sufficiency ranges, to compare and correlate concentrations of nutrients observed in flowers and leaves collected 90 days after bloom, and to correlate the concentrations of nutrients in flowers and leaves with fruit yield. Samples of 26 experimental plots were collected. The plots were set up in nine different orchards five to nine years old and with 3000–5000 plants/ha, in the region of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Eleven experimental plots were selected with mean yield greater than 7.0 kg/plant of coffee berry for the calculation of the nutrients sufficiency ranges. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), boron (B), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were similar in flowers and leaves, whereas those of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) differed among the parts. There was correlation among the contents of N, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu in flowers and in leaves. For flowers a model of six variables and for leaves a model of eight variables explained 80% of the variation in the mean yield of the coffee tree plants. It is concluded that, flowers permit earlier diagnosis and greater precision in the diagnosis of the nutritional state of the coffee tree.

Macronutrient Accumulation in Coffee Fruits at Brazilian Zona Da Mata Conditions

ABSTRACT Macronutrient accumulation in fruits and concentrations of these nutrients in leaves of fruit-bearing branches of arabica coffee were studied between anthesis and maturation. The experiment was carried out in a 2.0 × 1.0 m spacing of an arabica coffee orchard, collecting fruits and leaves of 18 randomized parcels at 12 sampling times, using a split-plot design. The largest accumulation rates of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) were observed at the rapid expansion fruit stage, among 79 to 85 DAA (Days after the anthesis). Compared to the other nutrients, Ca and Mg accumulation occurred quickly in the 1st suspended growth stadium.

Efeito da solarização e biofumigação na incidência da murcha bacteriana em tomateiro no campo

Effect of soil solarization and biofumigation on tomato bacterial wilt incidence. Soilborne plant pathogens cause heavy losses to many vegetable crops. Solarization and organic residues amendments have been evaluated as disease control strategies with good perspectives for aplication in integrated management. Field experiments were carried out at Embrapa Hortalicas, Brasilia-DF, to evaluate the effects of amending soil with organic residues (biofumigation) and solarization on the incidence of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) on tomato, on soil chemical characteristics, and weed control. Amendments with brassica residues (2%), chicken litter residues (2%), methyl bromide treatments and no soil treatment, with or without soil solarization were evaluated. After solarization and biofumigation, soil samples were collected for chemical analysis and weed seed bank evaluation. The tomato seedlings were transplanted after two months of soil solarization. Soil solarization reduced soil pH and levels of B and Zn. Organic amendments increased levels of Ca, K and Na and reduced levels of Al. Soil solarization reduced the number of weed seeds in the soil, mainly monocotyledons. Methyl bromide treatments and chicken litter amendments significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence and disease progress.

Efeito da solarização e biofumigação, durante o outono, na incidência de murcha-bacteriana e produtividade da batata

Effect of soil solarization and biofumigation during autumn on bacterial wilt incidence and potato yield Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most important diseases of the potato. Soil solarization has been studied as an option for soilborne disease control with potential for bacterial wilt control. The method should be used during the hot season and depends on weather conditions. It is important to evaluate this method in other seasons, associated with other control methods. Biofumigation is the soil disinfestation through organic residue amendment. During decomposition, these residues release toxic substances to soilborne pathogens. An experiment was carried out during the autumn (May to June), to evaluate the effect of amendment with chicken litter (biofumigation) and solarization on bacterial wilt incidence and yield of potato plants. The treatments were chicken litter amendment (20 t/ha), urea (100 kg/ha), methyl bromide application and no amendment (control), all treatments with or without solarization. Weekly evaluations of bacterial wilt incidence permitted to obtain the area under the disease progress curve for each treatment. In infested areas, only methil bromide application reduced bacterial wilt incidence, but methyl bromide application and chicken litter amendment combined with soil solarization allowed higher potato tuber production. The effect of soil solarization associated with biofumigation on potato yield in R. solanacearuminfested areas needs to be better investigated.

Short-Term Changes in Fertility Attributes and Soil Organic Matter Caused by the Addition of EM Bokashis in Two Tropical Soils

The present work aimed to evaluate the behavior of ten fertility attributes of soil organic matter physical fractions and total organic carbon upon addition of three EM Bokashis to a Rhodic Ferralsol (FRr) and a Dystric Cambisol (CMd). An experiment was carried out in greenhouse in which the soils were placed into plastic trays and cultivated with tomato. A completely randomized design was used with four repetitions and factorial scheme of 2 × 3

Sprinkler and drip irrigation in the organic tomato for single crops and when intercropped with coriander

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of both sprinkler and drip irrigation systems on the organic production of the tomato, cultivar Duradouro, when cultivated both as a single crop and intercropped with coriander. The experiment was carried out in the Distrito Federal, Brazil, using a randomized block design with six replications and a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement for the treatments. There was no significant interaction between the factors of irrigation system and cropping system. The productivity and mass of the tomato fruits were not affected by the treatments, but for the coriander, productivity was higher under the sprinkler system. Drip irrigation hindered the development of late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and reduced the percentage of rotten fruit, whereas the incidence of powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) and infestation by the tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta) were higher under the sprinkler system. The volume of soil exploited by the roots of tomato plants was higher with the sprinkler system, while the water productivity index with the drip system was 47% higher than with the sprinkler system. Firmer fruits were produced under drip irrigation. The cultivation system had a significant effect on the occurrence of insect pests, with the tomato intercropped with coriander showing a lower percentage of damaged fruit due to the Tomato Leafminer and to Spodoptera eridania.

Evaluation of sources, doses and application schedules of nitrogen on drip-irrigated tomato

We aimed to establish strategies for nitrogen (N) fertilization on drip-irrigated determinate-growth-habit tomato, under Cerrado conditions of Central Brazil. Three field experiments were carried out in a randomized block design. In experiment I six N doses (0, 80, 160, 240, 320 and 400 kg ha-1 N) were tested, in experiment II six combinations of the N forms (nitric; ammonium; amide; 2/3 nitric + 1/3 ammonium; 2/3 nitric + 1/3 amide; and 1/3 nitric + 2/3 amide) were evaluated, and in experiment III the combination of three soil pre-plant fertilization fractions (0, 20 and 40%) was evaluated with two splitting schemes of the remaining N via fertigation (linear and adjusted N-uptake curve). SPAD chlorophyll index and N content were measured in the leaves of tomato plants on experiment I. The physical and economic yields of tomato crop were maximized for the doses of 287 kg N ha-1 and 270 kg N ha-1, respectively, with doses of 2.1 g and 2.0 g of N per kg of commercial fruit. The yield was maximized for 52 SPAD units. The combinations of forms and the application schedules of N had no significant effect on the yield components of the tomato crop.

Osmar Alves Carrijo: parte um grande nome do mundo das hortaliças

No último domingo, 12 de dezembro, nosso grande amigo, Osmar Alves Carrijo, aos 61 anos, sofreu um infarto fulminante, do qual não conseguiu se recuperar. Osmar era agrônomo, formado pela Universidade de Brasília (1976), com mestrado em Irrigação e Drenagem (ESALQ, 1980), doutorado em Solos e Irrigação, (Oregon State University, 1988) e pos-doc em Manejo e Tratos Culturais (Florida State University, 1998). Pesquisador da Embrapa Hortaliças desde 1976 até 2007, quando se aposentou; Osmar era ainda professor associado na Universidade de Brasília, onde atuava junto à pós-graduação. Como pesquisador, até mesmo pela sua origem e vínculos com o setor rural, que não só fez questão de manter, mas pelos quais sempre nutriu profundo orgulho, Osmar sempre optou pelas linhas de pesquisa e formas de atuação mais aplicadas, mais próximas aos agricultores e à transferência de tecnologia. Ainda assim, participou ativamente da vida científica da olericultura, tomando parte em congressos, reuniões e eventos e publicando livros e trabalhos. Cabe muito justamente ressaltar que seus trabalhos “Fibra da casca do coco verde como substrato agrícola” (Horticultura Brasileira 20: 533-535, 2002) e “Produtividade do tomateiro em diferentes substratos e modelos de casas de vegetação (Horticultura Brasileira 22: 5-9, 2004) são, entre os artigos publicados em Horticultura Brasileira, respectivamente o segundo e nono mais requisitados na base SciELO (www.scielo.br/hb, visitado em 14 de dezembro de 2010). Além da competência científica, Osmar sempre demonstrou habilidade no trato com as pessoas, fruto da sua conduta ética e franca, que sempre inspirou confiança, mas também conciliadora e avessa ao confronto. Assim, com grande habilidade e livre trânsito entre os colegas, Osmar exerceu, por diversas vezes, funções de gestão na Embrapa Hortaliças, tanto como Chefe Administrativo (de 1989 a 1990 e de 2003 a 2007), quanto como Chefe de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (de 1990 a 1991) e, também, Chefe Geral (1991-1993). Na ABH, além de associado com ativa participação, Osmar pertenceu à diretoria nas duas gestões da Profa Rumy Goto.