Ronnie Ramlogan

Networks of knowledge: The distributed nature of medical innovation

Innovation in medicine is a complex process that unfolds unevenly in time and space. It is characterised by radical uncertainty and emerges from innovation systems that can hardly be comprehended within geographical, technological or institutional boundaries. These systems are instead highly distributed across countries, competences and organisations. This paper explores the nature, rate and direction of the growth and transformation of medical knowledge in two specific areas of research, interventional cardiology and glaucoma. We analyse two large datasets of bibliometric information extracted from ISI and adopt an empirical network approach to try to uncover the fine structure of the relevant micro-innovation systems and the mechanisms through which these evolve along trajectories of change shaped by the search for solutions to interdependent problems.

Universities in an open innovation system: a UK perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature and impact of higher education institution (HEI) in a distributed, open innovation system using a survey of some 600 firms in the UK.Design/methodology/approach – Primary data are used from a postal questionnaire survey of 600 firms across three UK regions: Wales, the North West and the East of England.Findings – The analysis reveals significant differences in firm collaboration with HEIs across the UK and the value and impact that such collaborations have on firm development. The nature and effects of such collaboration vary significantly between the type of firm involved and their location and the analysis investigates this in relation to various aspects of innovative activity and firm performance.Originality/value – Although much of the nature and effects of such collaboration are as one would expect, some of the results are counter‐intuitive and highlight the care we should place on assessing the role of universities and other HEIs in open i...

The impact and effectiveness of entrepreneurship policy

Unternehmerische Kompetenz wird weithin als Schlusselfaktor fur den Geschaftserfolg angesehen und die Innovationspolitik konzentriert sich daher verstarkt auf den Unternehmer, seine Fahigkeiten und Werte. Diese Entwicklung, wird auch als unternehmerische Wende genannt. Dieser Bericht untersucht offentlich Politiken fur unternehmerische Entwicklung. Politik zur unternehmerischen Initiative zielt darauf ab, sozial und wirtschaftlich produktive Tatigkeiten von Einzelpersonen, die unabhangig im Geschaftsverkehr tatig sind, zu fordern. Ihr Hauptziel ist die Erhohung des Levels von unternehmerischem Handeln dort, wo es unter dem sozialen Optimum liegt. Die Politik kann direkt auf die Bedurfnisse der Unternehmerhin umgesetzt werden, wie z.B. bei Business-Beratungsprogrammen oder durch Broadcast-Methoden wie Bildungspolitik.

Entry Modes and the Impact of Mobile Microfinance at the Base of the Pyramid

As technology grows as the largest source of modern economic growth, the emergence of new models is currently challenging the standard western model of organizational management. Companies from all over the world have succeeded in creating emerging economies with these new models and are now competing with established multinational corporations.Organizational Innovation and IT Governance in Emerging Economies develops a methodological framework that supports new approaches of technological innovation by companies. This reference book provides contributions from experts in emerging economies, highlighting specific case studies of home grown companies from these emerging markets, offering lessons on how traditional multinationals can compete with these new companies for policymakers, government officers, academics, researchers, students, and practitioners.Mobile financial services is one of the uprising movements to bank the unbanked by integrating philanthropic and business approaches for financial inclusion. In this chapter, the authors address how a systemic view helps integrate the Philanthropic Initiatives (PI) and the Commercial Initiatives (CI) to get a sustainable impact on the unbanked micro-entrepreneurs. However, each approach has pros and cons as they go along the stages of design, deployment, and sustainability. Using the soft system thinking, the authors theorise the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) as a business system to mix-up the relatively high start-up capabilities of the PI with the relatively sustainable impact of CI. The mobile money case shows that donors, local private enterprises, and multinational corporations follow the BoP strategy to develop an online grid that offers a reconciled balanced scorecard for economic returns, social benefits, and local impact. Such a strategy guarantees flexible, long-term investments and facilitates developing innovative financial services.

Regional Patterns of Technological Development: Perspectives on Developing Countries in East Asia and Latin America

Summary This paper uses patent and citation data to reflect upon the patterns of technological change that has occurred in the East Asian and Latin American regions in recent times. Various pieces of evidence drawn from the data suggest that these two regions have experienced different patterns of technological accumulation over the last two decades. Overall, the growth of technology capability across all classes of technology between the countries of the two regions is strikingly different. This has particularly been the case during the decade of the 1990s. Furthermore, there also appears to be sectoral (sub-class) differences in the technology profiles of countries and what we refer to as a regime switch occurred in Asian countries in the 1980s.