Rosana de Cassia de Souza Schneider

Evaluation of Zygosaccharomyces bailii BCV 08 as a co-starter in wine fermentation for the improvement of ethyl esters production

Zygosaccharomyces bailii BCV 08, a yeast isolated from red wine barrels in Brazil, was evaluated as co-starter in fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Z. bailii BCV 08 was preliminarily shown to produce high levels of esters, and the production was optimized in bench and bioreactor scales using grape must. White wine vinifications were conducted with mixed cultures containing different proportions of Z. bailii BCV 08 and an enological strain of S. cerevisiae. In all trials that contained Z. bailii BCV 08, the production of ethyl esters was enhanced in comparison to the vinification control. Our results clearly show the potential of Z. bailii BCV 08 as a mixed starter with S. cerevisiae in order to increase the aromatic complexity of wine.

Potential Production of Biofuel from Microalgae Biomass Produced in Wastewater

Microalgae are the principal primary producers of oxygen in the world and exhibit enor‐ mous potential for biotechnological industries. Microalgae cultivation is an efficient option for wastewater bioremediation, and these microorganisms are particularly efficient at recov‐ ering high levels of nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, and heavy metals from effluent. Fur‐ thermore, microalgae are responsible for the reduction of CO2 from gaseous effluent and from the atmosphere. In general, the microalgae biomass can be used for the production of pigments, lipids, foods, and renewable energy [1].

A new method for rapid screening of ester-producing yeasts using in situ HS-SPME

The selection of ester-producing yeasts is difficult because these molecules evaporate quickly, are extremely unstable and may be missed during analytical manipulation. We propose an easy, fast and efficient headspace-SPME method for screening of ester-producing yeasts directly at the extraction vials (in situ HS-SPME).

Bioethanol production from rice hull and evaluation of the final solid residue

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to produce bioethanol from rice hulls and to evaluate the recovery and potential use of the residue resulting from the enzymatic hydrolysis step before fermentation. Acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis were studied for saccharification of polysaccharides. Fermentation was conducted for up to 24 h with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. After process optimization, it was possible to produce >7.0 mg mL−1 of ethanol after only 2 h of reaction. Characterization of the solid residues from the hydrolyzed rice husk and the in natura rice husk showed that these solids have different characteristics and present different adsorption potentials because the residue has higher silica content. The product has potential use in industrial or laboratorial adsorption processes. The results from this study offer support for the potential use of rice husks for bioethanol generation and use the solid residue from hydrolysis for adsorption.

Current Approaches in Producing Oil and Biodiesel from Microalgal Biomass

Alternative biofuel sources, such as biodiesel, produced from nontoxic, biodegradable, and renewable materials are currently attracting great interest given the growing global energy demand. Microalgae are an exceptional biofuel source due to their potential for generating significant quantities of biomass and oil and for combining their production with environmental technologies such as wastewater treatment. Technologies for producing biodiesel from microalgae have been widely studied, especially increasing the lipid content in the cell, strain selection, lipid extraction, and transesterification methods and innovations that use wet biomass for extraction, which reduces the environmental impact and production cost. These aspects are explored in this chapter to identify the different production methods and technologies under development for expanding biodiesel production from microalgae.

METODOS BIOCATALÍTICOS DE PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL DE ÓLEO DE GIRASSOL POR LIPASE DE Candida antarctica

The use of lipases in reactions of transformation of vegetable oil is against the principles of green chemistry, mainly because they are renewable and have a high efficiency and specificity in oleochemical reactions. Among the lipases studied stands out mainly Candida antarctica B (Novozym ® 435) and being marketed already immobilized in support of acrylic resin, has the advantage of being reused in the reactions. It was possible to optimize a system of transesterification by a continuous process, with which it was possible maximum conversion of substrate (sunflower oil) in ethyl esters, and perform 87 cycles with the same enzyme without reducing the activity and 224 cycles, after the reduction of the activity. The system obtained are adequate to objectives and can be used in absence of organic solvent, it is only need the alcohol excess.

COMPONENTES MINORITÁRIOS PRESENTES EM ÓLEO DE MAMONA (Ricinus comunnis L.)

O oleo extraido de sementes de Ricinnus communis L., conhecida como mamona, foi analisado neste trabalho quanto a presenca de componentes minoritarios extraidos na fase insaponificavel. A extracao de insaponificaveis foi realizada conforme o metodo AOCS (Ca 6a-40) e a analise das amostras de oleo foi realizada por Cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (CG-DEM) apos derivatizacao com BSA. Entre as substâncias identificadas encontrou-se o -tocoferol, - tocoferol, 5-ergostenol, stigmasterol, obtusifoliol, -sitosterol, fucosterol e cicloartenol. As amostras de oleo de diferentes variedades de mamona, obtidas por prensagem a frio e por solvente em extrator soxhlet apresentaram diferencas quanto as substâncias separadas. O metodo empregado para extracao e analise foi apropriado para identificar a presenca de componentes minoritarios no oleo de mamona.