Roselene Alves Righi

Suscetibilidade antimicrobiana entre amostras de Enterococcus isoladas no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria

Members of the genus Enterococcus have emerged as the most important nosocomial pathogens worldwide.In the present study, the occurrence of enterococcal infections by species and site of infection was analyzed. Enterococcus faecalis was the predominant enterococci species among all clinical isolates. A total of 233 enterococci isolates obtained from patients of Hospital Universitario de Santa Maria were studied. Antimicrobial susceptibility to a variety of agents was also evaluated.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Streptococcus bovis: case report and review of the literature

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a frequent and severe complication that occurs in patient with cirrhosis and ascites. It occurs in 10% to 30% of patients admitted to hospital. The organisms that cause SBP are predominantly enteric. Escherichia coli is the most frequent recovered pathogen, and Gram-positive bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus spp., are being considered an emerging causative agent of SBP. Streptococcus bovis that may be found as part of the commensal bowel flora in about 10% of healthy adults constitute an uncommon cause of peritonitis that was first reported in 1994. We describe the first case of SBP at the University Hospital of Santa Maria (HUSM) caused by S. bovis, resistant to the antibiotics erythromycin and clindamycin (inducible clindamycin resistance detected by disk diffusion test using the D-zone test).

Trichosporon beigelii peritonitis in a child during treatment by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

We report a case of peritonitis caused by Trichosporon beigelii in a 2-year-old child during treatment by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Diagnosis was established by direct examination and culture of dialysis effluent. Infections caused by Trichosporon beigelii in children are commented.

Pneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica in two HIV-positive patients

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB) is a Gram-negative coccobacillus responsible for respiratory diseases in dogs, cats and rabbits. Reports on its development in humans are rare. However, in immunosuppressed patients, especially in those with the immunodeficiency virus (HIV), BB can cause severe pulmonary infections. We report on two cases of pneumonia caused by BB in HIV-positive male patients in a university hospital. CASE REPORT The first case comprised a 43-year-old patient who was admitted presenting chronic leg pain and coughing, with suspected pneumonia. BB was isolated from sputum culture and was successfully treated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in association with levofloxacin. The second case comprised a 49-year-old patient who was admitted presenting fever, nausea, sweating and a dry cough, also with suspected pneumonia. BB was isolated from sputum culture, tracheal secretions and bronchoalveolar lavage. The disease was treated with ciprofloxacin but the patient died. CONCLUSION BB should be included in the etiology of pneumonia in immunodeficient HIV patients. As far as we know, these two were the first cases of pneumonia due to BB to occur in this university hospital.

Molecular characterization of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to carbapenem antimicrobials

The present study aimed to genotypically and phenotypically characterize clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae collected from inpatients at the University Hospital of Santa Maria, during seven months. Among the clinical isolates subjected to the modified Hodge test (MHT), 62.5% were positive, indicating possible production of carbapenemase. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that blaKPC was the most frequently found gene (31%), followed by blaIMP (12.5%). Combined use of the methods is needed to identify carbapenem resistance in enterobacteria to prevent their spread and control the infections caused by these organisms.

PREVALÊNCIA DE CANDIDA E CRYPTOCOCCUS EM HEMOCULTIVOS DE PACIENTES DO HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DE SANTA MARIA, RS (HUSM) NO ANO DE 2006

As micoses tiveram um significativo aumento nos ultimos anos e dentre elas as candidiases constituem um serio problema medico, pela sua elevada taxa de morbidade e mortalidade. Com o aumento de casos de Sindrome de Imunodeficiencia Adquirida os casos de criptococose aumentaram acentuadamente. Neste estudo foi avaliada a prevalencia de casos de Candida spp. e Cryptococcus spp . em hemocultivos de pacientes no Hospital Universitario de Santa Maria - HUSM entre janeiro a dezembro de 2006, bem como sexo, idade e doenca predisponente; 37 de 4336 amostras coletadas para analise de hemocultura realizada no ano de 2006 no HUSM (0,85%) foram positivas para fungos, dentre estas 70,2% positivas para Candida spp . prevalecendo o sexo feminino e 29,8% positivas para Cryptococcus spp. prevalecendo o sexo masculino. Estas fungemias acometeram pacientes na faixa de recem nascidos a 84 anos de idade. Concluiu-se que o exame, por meio de hemocultura, e a melhor forma de diagnostico em fungemias.