Rosely Cabral de Carvalho

Experimentação e uso regular de bebidas alcoólicas, cigarros e outras substâncias psicoativas/SPA na adolescência

OBJECTIVE To analyze the use of alcoholic beverages, cigarettes, other psychoactive substances - PAS , among adolescents of public schools of Feira de Santana, Bahia/Brazil. METHOD Cross sectional study with random samples, stratified in terms of conglomerate units (schools and students). The sample of the study totalled 1,409 adolescents between 14 and 19 years old from 10 public schools; 30% of the total of schools of the municipality with 500,000/inhabitants. The representation of schools and students was respected. The self-report instrument was elaborated according to OMS recommendations and as used in others studies. The data were collected according to guaranteed the anonymity of the subjects investigated. RESULTS 86,5% of the adolescents were considered well informed on PAS; 57,0% reported alcoholic beverage consumption, mainly beers and wines; 23,3% used cigarettes and 5.2% other PAS (marijuana, solvents and cocaine); 29,3% reported drinking alcoholic beverages one to three times/month and 13% every weekend. Among subjects 10 to 14 years old, 47% reported drinking alcohol and 16.7% using other PAS. The statistics analysis showed that consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and other PAS is significantly higher among 17-19 years males. Interestingly, the main motivation for drug use is the company of friends and parents. CONCLUSIONS implement of a drug prevention programs in schools.

Consumo frequente de bebidas alcoólicas por adolescentes escolares: estudo de fatores associados

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados ao consumo frequente de bebidas alcoolicas por adolescentes escolares em Feira de Santana, BA. METODO: Estudo transversal, com amostra aleatoria, estratificada por conglomerado, totalizando 10 escolas de portes diferenciados e 776 estudantes de ambos os sexos que relataram consumo de bebidas alcoolicas, na faixa etaria de 14 a 19 anos, assegurando representatividade das escolas e alunos. O instrumento auto-aplicavel foi elaborado segundo a Organizacao Mundial de Saude (OMS) e questionarios validados em outros estudos. A coleta garantiu procedimentos para anonimato e sigilo. Foram considerados expostos adolescentes que referiram consumo frequente (em pelo menos todo final de semana). RESULTADOS: O consumo frequente/pesado mostrou associacoes significantes com sexo masculino, consumo precoce, parceiro sexual pouco conhecido, problemas com substâncias psicoativas (SPAs) na familia, coabitacao com companheiro, renda propria, trafico de drogas, consumo com amigos, atividades na escola, motivacoes (ansiedade, animacao/prazer); e consequencias (outras SPAs, brigas, inadimplencia ao trabalho\escola). CONCLUSOES: O conhecimento dos fatores pessoais, interpessoais, familiares e ambientais associados ao consumo de bebidas alcoolicas por adolescentes devem ser considerados na implementacao de programas escolares e politicas publicas de prevencao, visando comportamentos que minimizem a exposicao ao risco associado.

Evaluation of the National Program of Integrated and Referential Actions (PAIR) to confront the child and adolescents sexual violence, in Feira de Santana, Bahia State, Brazil

In Brazil, sexual violence against children and adolescents is a challenge for the public policies of prevention and intervention. The objective of this article is to present the evaluation of PAIR actions implemented in Feira de Santana city, on political and institutional integration, strength and performance of the Network Care for the violence victims in the period of 2003-2006. It was used a descriptive study with primary data based on interviews with professionals from the Institutions of care (38), Municipal Committee of PAIR (11) and key community informants (78), using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The evaluation of the PAIR capabilities, as the political and institutional integration was deemed appropriate, highlighting the support of state, federal and municipal managers. The processes of training were considered strategic to the individual professional performance with the Network (attitudes, participation). The results of the three segments of the community suggest the need of a social Network integration (Rights and Guardianship Councils), programs of assistance and protection, the work with the media (qualified training and information), involvement of managers and technicians and the continuity of actions, as strategies to face the sexual violence in Feira de Santana.

Iniciação e consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre adolescentes e adultos jovens de Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Antidrogas/CAPS-AD

The study seeks to characterize the initiation and consumption pattern of psychoactive substances among adolescents and young adults enrolled in an Alcohol and Drug Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS-AD). This study was conducted with records of attendance and the consumption pattern was classified in accordance with WHO: infrequent use (lifetime use, per year or up to five days per month); frequent use (6 to 19 times in the past 30 days); heavy use (≥ 20 times in the last 30 days). In the age group comparison, the test for proportion and association analysis was used and the prevalence and prevalence ratio was calculated with a significance level of 5% and 95% confidence interval. Of the total of adolescents and young adults treated between 2003 and 2008 (475), most were male, single, poorly educated, live with relations and have psychic symptoms. Statistical significance was found for age at initiation of use: adolescents compared to young adults started earlier (≤ 14 years): tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, crack and other SPA consumption. Among adolescents, significant results were found for the less frequent consumption of tobacco, more frequent use of alcohol, and heavy consumption of marijuana. These findings may contribute to the preventive and therapeutic CAPS-AD programs.O estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a iniciacao e o padrao de consumo de substâncias psicoativas, entre adolescentes e adultos jovens matriculados em Centro de Atencao Psicossocial Alcool e Drogas - CAPS AD. Foram utilizados os registros dos atendimentos, sendo o padrao de consumo classificado segundo a OMS: uso pouco frequente (uso na vida, no ano ou no mes ate cinco dias); uso frequente (de seis ate 19 vezes nos ultimos 30 dias); uso pesado (> 20 vezes nos ultimos 30 dias); na comparacao das faixas etarias utilizou-se teste de proporcoes e para analise das associacoes, calculou-se prevalencia/P e razao de prevalencia/RP, com significância de 5% e intervalo de confianca 95%. No total de adolescentes e jovens atendidos entre 2003 e 2008 (475), a maioria foi masculina, solteira, com baixa escolaridade, coabitando com pais e sintomas psiquicos. Constatou-se significância estatistica para idade de iniciacao ao consumo: adolescentes, em relacao aos jovens iniciaram mais precocemente (< 14 anos): o consumo de tabaco; maconha, cocaina; crack e outras SPA. Entre adolescentes, verificou-se resultados significantes para consumo menos frequente de tabaco; mais frequente de alcool; e consumo pesado de maconha. Esses achados podem contribuir para programas preventivos e terapeuticos do CAPS-AD.

Notification of juvenile violence in Emergency Services of the Brazilian Unified Health System in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

OBJECTIVE To analyze the performance of professionals in the Emergency Units for the notification of cases of violence against children, considering sociodemographic characteristics, professional category and difficulties. METHODS Cross-sectional study with a simple random sample (n=200), selected from the universe of professionals (n=523) of these Emergency Units in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil, from a regional general hospital and six polyclinics. Bivariate analyses and measures of association were performed to determine statistical significance. RESULTS Most professionals were female (82.5%), aged between 20 and 40 years old (75.5%), being nursing technicians (52.5%) and nurses (22.5%), 69.0% with a temporary employment contract. The notification was recorded by 69.5%, of them, and 60.0% asked for the opinion of another professional; 54.0% talked with the family and 42.9% reported to the Accident and Violence Surveillance System (VIVA). Statistical significance was observed in the nursing technicians category for the notification to sectors of reference, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.28 - 2.09; and VIVA (95%CI 1.06 - 7.40). In the medical category, the significant result was not requesting the opinion of another professional (95%CI 1.02 - 3.51); not being afraid of judicial involvement (95%CI 1.19 - 4.06) and being trained in the violence matter (95%CI 1.21 - 5.00). The main difficulties cited were family omission (91.5%), fear of judicial involvement (63.5%) and lack of training (47.0%). CONCLUSION Most cases of violence seen at the Emergency Units were notified, however, less than 50% of professionals did not notify VIVA, pointing the need for institutional investment in technical support and ongoing training. Actions addressed to notification strengthen institutions and make the sector responsible for victim care and protection.