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Dive into the research topics where Roshan Kamal Topno is active.

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Featured researches published by Roshan Kamal Topno.


American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 2010

Estimation of Under-Reporting of Visceral Leishmaniasis Cases in Bihar, India

Vijay P. Singh; Alok Ranjan; Roshan Kamal Topno; Rakesh Bihari Verma; Niyamat A. Siddique; Vidya N. Ravidas; Narendra Kumar; Krishna Pandey; Pradeep Das

We estimated the level of under-reporting of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases by comparing the actual reported cases with those expected as estimated using age- and sex-stratified incidence proportions obtained in a cohort of 31,324 persons. The average incidence proportion of VL cases in study population was 5.7/1,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.88-6.54) and 1.09/1,000 persons (95% CI = 0.99-1.20) based on the reported cases in two primary health centers. The overall magnitude of VL cases not reported to the government agencies was higher by a factor 4.17 (95% CI = 3.75-4.63) than for reported cases. The levels of under-reporting were 4.74 (95% CI = 4.11-5.47) in males and 3.51 (95% CI = 2.99-4.11) in females with no significant difference (P > 0.05). It was significantly higher in persons >or= 30 years of age than in persons 30 years of age (P < 0.05).


American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 2010

Asymptomatic infection with visceral leishmaniasis in a disease-endemic area in bihar, India.

Roshan Kamal Topno; Vidya Nand Rabi Das; Alok Ranjan; Krishna Pandey; Dharmender Singh; Nawin Kumar; Niyamat Ali Siddiqui; Vijay P. Singh; Shreekant Kesari; Narendra Kumar; Sanjeev Bimal; Annadurai Jeya Kumar; Chetram Meena; Ranjeet Kumar; Pradeep Das

A prospective study was carried out in a cohort of 355 persons in a leishmaniasis-endemic village of the Patna District in Bihar, India, to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic persons and rate of progression to symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases. At baseline screening, 50 persons were positive for leishmaniasis by any of the three tests (rK39 strip test, direct agglutination test, and polymerase chain reaction) used. Point prevalence of asymptomatic VL was 110 per 1,000 persons and the rate of progression to symptomatic cases was 17.85 per 1,000 person-months. The incidence rate ratio of progression to symptomatic case was 3.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-15.01, P = 0.09) among case-contacts of VL compared with neighbors. High prevalence of asymptomatic persons and clinical VL cases and high density of Phlebotomus argentipes sand flies can lead to transmission of VL in VL-endemic areas.


Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 2011

Asymptomatic infection of visceral leishmaniasis in hyperendemic areas of Vaishali district, Bihar, India: a challenge to kala-azar elimination programmes

V. N. R. Das; Niyamat Ali Siddiqui; Rakesh Bihari Verma; Roshan Kamal Topno; Dharmendra Singh; Sushmita Das; Alok Ranjan; Krishna Pandey; Nawin Kumar; Pradeep Das

A cohort of 91 asymptomatic individuals with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were identified during base line screening using recombinant 39-aminoacid antigen (rk-39) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conducted from December 2005 to June 2006 involving 997 individuals of two highly endemic villages of Vaishali district, Bihar. The point prevalence of asymptomatic infection was 98 per 1000 persons at baseline. There was no statistically significant difference between rk-39 and PCR positivity rate (P>0.05), even though PCR positivity alone was found significantly higher (4.2%) than rk-39 positivity alone (2.6%). The monthly follow-up of the asymptomatic cohort revealed a disease conversion rate of 23.1 per 100 persons within a year. There was a statistically significant difference in conversion of disease when individuals were positive by both tests as compared to single tests by rk-39 and PCR (P<0.01). Disease conversion rate in the subjects residing in households with a history of VL (62%, 13/21) was higher than those residing in the households without a history of VL (38%, 8/21). Most of the identified asymptomatic individuals were from low socio-economic strata similar to that of VL cases in general. Apart from rk-39, PCR may be considered for screening of asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infection in large-scale epidemiological studies. Screening of asymptomatic cases and their close follow-up to ascertain early detection and treatment of VL may be considered in addition to the existing VL control strategies.


Tropical Medicine & International Health | 2010

The economic impact of visceral leishmaniasis on rural households in one endemic district of Bihar, India

Rhonda Sarnoff; Jaikishan Desai; Philippe Desjeux; Atul Mittal; Roshan Kamal Topno; Niyamat Ali Siddiqui; Arvind Pandey; Dipika Sur; Pradeep Das

Objective To estimate the economic burden of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) on the rural population of one VL endemic district of Bihar, the state with 85% of India’s cases.


Tropical Medicine & International Health | 2010

Annual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Bihar, India

Pradeep Das; Steven Samuels; Philippe Desjeux; Atul Mittal; Roshan Kamal Topno; Niyamat Ali Siddiqui; Dipika Sur; Arvind Pandey; Rhonda Sarnoff

The study presents the findings of a population‐based survey of the annual incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the rural areas of one VL‐endemic district in Bihar, India. Stratified multi‐stage sampling was applied in the selection of blocks, villages, hamlets, and households. We screened 15 178 households (91 000 individuals) in 80 villages in 7 of 27 administrative blocks of the district, East Champaran. We identified 227 VL cases that occurred in the past 12 months: 149 treated individuals who survived, 14 who died from VL, and 64 active cases. The high‐incidence stratum had an estimated incidence of 35.6 cases per 10 000 persons per year (90% CI: 27.7–45.7). The annual incidence rate in the medium stratum areas was 16.8 cases per 10 000 (90% CI: 9.3–30.6). The combined annual incidence rate for the high and medium areas combined was 21.9 cases per 10 000 per year, (90% CI: 14.0–34.2). The Government of India’s VL elimination goal is to reduce the VL incidence to one case per 10 000 at the sub‐district level; thus, a 35‐fold reduction will be required in those areas with the highest VL incidence.


Infection, Genetics and Evolution | 2016

Computational prediction and analysis of potential antigenic CTL epitopes in Zika virus: A first step towards vaccine development.

Manas Ranjan Dikhit; Md. Yousuf Ansari; Vijaymahantesh; Kalyani; Rani Mansuri; Bikash Ranjan Sahoo; Budheswar Dehury; Ajay Amit; Roshan Kamal Topno; Ganesh Chandra Sahoo; Vahab Ali; Sanjiva Bimal; Pradeep Das

The Zika virus disease is an Aedes mosquito-borne disease caused by the ZIKA virus. The unavailability of vaccines or proper chemotherapeutic treatment emphasizes the need for the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines. T cell specific epitopes have been used as vaccine candidates to generate desired immune responses against a variety of viral pathogens. Herein, the immune-informatics approach was used for the screening of potential major histocompatibility complex class I restricted epitopes, which may be competent to generate a cell-mediated immune response in humans. A total of 63 epitopes were identified, which revealed a comprehensive binding affinity to the 42 different human leukocyte antigen class I supertypes: A01, A02, A08, A23, A24, A25, A26, A29, A30, A32, A66, A68, A69, A80, B07, B08, B14, B15, B27, B35, B39, B40, B42, B45, B46, B48, B51, B53, B54, B57, B58, B83, C12, C03, C04, C05, C06, C07, C08, C12, C14, and C15, and which had no homologs in humans. By combining the human leukocyte antigen binding specificity and population coverage, nine promiscuous epitopes located in Capsid 1 Protein (MVLAILAFL(P1)), Envelop Protein (RLKGVSYSL (P2) and RLITANPVI (P3)), NS2A (AILAALTPL (P4)), NS4B (LLVAHYMYL (P5) and LVAHYMYLI (P6)) and NS5 (SLINGVVRL (P7), ALNTFTNLV (P8) and YLSTQVRYL (P9)) were shortlisted. Most of these consensus epitopes revealed 100% conservancy in all Zika virus strains and were very less conserved against the human proteome. The combination of the selected epitopes accounted for an optimal coverage in the world wide population (>99%) independent of ethnicity. Structural analysis of these selected epitopes by the PatchDock web server showed their preferential mode of presentation to the T cell receptor. All these results recommended the possibility of a combined epitope vaccine strategy and can therefore be further investigated for their immunological relevance and usefulness as vaccine candidates.


Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management | 2008

A controlled, randomized nonblinded clinical trial to assess the efficacy of amphotericin B deoxycholate as compared to pentamidine for the treatment of antimony unresponsive visceral leishmaniasis cases in Bihar, India

Vidya Nand Rabi Das; Niyamat Ali Siddiqui; Krishna Pandey; Vijay P. Singh; Roshan Kamal Topno; Dharmendra Singh; Rakesh Bihari Verma; Alok Ranjan; Prabhat Kumar Sinha; Pradeep Das

Background: There is significant variation in Amphotericin B (AMB) efficacy and relapses in antimony unresponsive visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases over a period of time (10–15 years). Keeping in mind the above mentioned view this study was undertaken with an objective to assess the magnitude of cure and relapse rates of AMB in the treatment of antimony unresponsive VL cases. Methods: In a controlled, randomized nonblinded clinical trial, we evaluated the cure and relapse rate of Amphotericin B deoxycholate as compared to pentamidine. A total of 82 sodium stibogluconate (SSG) unresponsive and parasitologically confirmed VL cases were included in this study and randomized into two groups, test (Amphotericin B) and control (Pentamidine). Both the groups were treated with recommended dosages (as per World Health Organization guidelines) of respective medicines. All the patients were followed up on 1st, 2nd, and 6th month after end of treatment. Results: Apparent cure rate in the Amphotericin B group was found to be 95% (39/41) compared with 83% (34/41) in the Pentamidine group, which shows significant statistical difference (p = 0.05). The ultimate cure rate was found 92% (38/41) in the Amphotericin B group compared to 73% (30/41) in the Pentamidine group, which shows a significant statistical difference (Yates corrected chi-square = 4.42, p = 0.04). Similarly, significant statistical difference was observed in the relapse rate of the Amphotericin group compared to the Pentamidine group (p = 0.03). Conclusions: AMB may still be the drug of choice in the management of resistant VL cases in Bihar, India. This is due to its consistent apparent cure rate (95%), low relapse rate (2.5%), and cost effectiveness compared with other available antileishmanial drugs. It is a safe drug even in case of pregnancy. Efforts should be taken to form a future strategy so that this drug and coming newer drugs do not meet a similar fate as has happened to SSG and pentamidine over a span of 10–15 years.


Journal of Clinical Microbiology | 2009

Novel Noninvasive Method for Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis by rK39 Testing of Sputum Samples

Dharmendra Singh; Krishna Pandey; V. N. R. Das; Sushmita Das; S. Kumar; Roshan Kamal Topno; Pradeep Das

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health problem in the eastern states in India, namely, Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, and Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Bihar alone accounts for >90% of the total number of cases of kala-azar reported in India. The disease is predominantly found in poor and malnourished people (9). The development of a simple, noninvasive, cheap, and reliable diagnostic tool has been suggested as a prerequisite to controlling the disease (3, 4). Ideally, diagnosis of kala-azar is done by direct demonstration of the parasite in splenic or bone marrow aspirates under the microscope (1, 5). Detection of the parasite in splenic aspirate is sensitive, but splenic aspiration is invasive and painful and carries the risk of serious or fatal hemorrhage, whereas bone marrow aspiration is safer and relatively easy, but detection of the parasite in bone marrow aspirate is less sensitive (60 to 85%), and both methods of detection demand technical support. In vitro cultivation of parasites is expensive and time consuming and requires expertise, thus severely restricting its use in routine diagnosis. Serological tests, though good, have their own limitations, viz., they cannot differentiate between present and past infection, asymptomatic cases versus clinical cures, etc. Sensitivity and specificity also vary from test to test, and some serological tests are not user friendly and not suitable for field conditions (2). In the last few years, a serum immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based detection system using rK39 antigen has been found to be useful in diagnosing VL. The test was found to be highly sensitive, specific, simple, and reproducible, and results can be obtained within 10 to 15 min (7). To the best of our knowledge, the use of rK39 to detect VL infection in sputum samples has not been reported. This is perhaps the first early report of the use of rK39 strips (InBios, Seattle, WA) to detect active VL cases using sputum samples. The assay was performed according to the manufacturers protocol. Briefly, the bottom of the absorbent pad of an rK39 strip was dipped in a freshly collected sputum sample for 5 min. Two drops of the chase buffer provided with the kit was added to the pad and was allowed to migrate up to the strip by capillary action. The results were read after 10 min. The appearance of a red upper (control) band indicated the proper functioning of the test, and that of a red lower (test) band suggested the presence of anti-rK39 IgG in the sputum. The test was considered positive if two bands, viz., upper and lower, were present, whereas the test was considered negative if only the upper, control band appeared. A total of 505 sputum samples from confirmed VL patients and controls were screened with the rK39 strip test. Of the 126 microscopically confirmed VL cases, 125 (99.2%) were found positive by rK39 in sputum samples and all by rK39 in blood samples (100%) (Table ​(Table1).1). However, in controls from areas where the disease is endemic and where it is not endemic, the rK39 test was found to be more specific for sputum than for blood because sputum did not show any positive reaction, whereas 2.5% positivity in controls from areas of endemicity and no positivity in controls from areas of nonendemicity were observed using blood samples. This test was also found to be more specific in samples from the control group of patients with other diseases, because none of the sputum samples cross-reacted with the rK39 strip, whereas the blood samples of seven (5.73%) of these patients showed a positive reaction. The 2.5% and 5.73% positivities by rK39 strip test for blood samples from healthy controls from areas of endemicity and the control group with other diseases, respectively, were false positives because the positive samples in both groups did not show a Leishmania donovani-positive reaction by PCR (6). Moreover, these subjects did not exhibit clinical symptoms of VL, such as fever, pancytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Even the follow-up over more than 6 months did not show conversion of any of these cases to symptomatic kala-azar cases. Furthermore, the PCR results (6) for sputum samples from both these groups were also negative for L. donovani infection. Lastly, it was not possible ethically to subject these cases to splenic or bone marrow aspiration. TABLE 1. Comparison of sensitivities and specificities of rK39 strip test in diagnosis of kala-azar using sputum samples versus serum samples from L. donovani body-positive VL patients and controls The present data clearly demonstrate that though the newly developed sputum-based rK39 test is only 0.80% less sensitive, it is much more specific than the rK39 test for diagnosis of VL using blood samples. This test can be easily adapted for routine diagnosis of VL using sputum samples. This will be highly beneficial for diagnosis of VL in difficult field conditions, as the test is purely noninvasive, uses easily collectable samples, and needs no special equipment or sophisticated technology, and the results can be read visually. Finally, this diagnostic tool can be useful for the kala-azar elimination program, which is scheduled to end by 2015 in the Indian subcontinent (8).


Journal of Clinical Microbiology | 2012

Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis in a Patient Treated with Injectable Paromomycin for Visceral Leishmaniasis in India

Krishna Pandey; V. N. R. Das; Dharmendra Singh; Sushmita Das; C. S. Lal; Neena Verma; Sanjiva Bimal; Roshan Kamal Topno; Niyamat Ali Siddiqui; Rakesh Bihari Verma; P. K. Sinha; Pradeep Das

ABSTRACT Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a skin manifestation that usually develops after treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a major public health problem in India. The diagnosis and management of PKDL is complex. This is the first case report from India in which PKDL occurred after paromomycin treatment for VL in an Indian patient.


Journal of Cellular Biochemistry | 2018

Mining the proteome of Leishmania donovani for the development of novel MHC class I restricted epitope for the control of visceral leishmaniasis

Manas Ranjan Dikhit; Vijay Mahantesh; Akhilesh Kumar; Ajay Amit; Budheswar Dehury; Yangya Prasad nathsharma; Md. Yousuf Ansari; Vahab Ali; Roshan Kamal Topno; V. N. R. Das; Krishna Pandey; Ganesh Chandra Sahoo; Sanjiva Bimal; Pradeep Das

Although, the precise host defence mechanism(s) is not completely understood, T cell‐mediated immune responses is believed to play a pivotal role in controlling parasite infection. Here we target the stage dependent over expressed gene. Here, the consensus based computational approach was adopted for the screening of potential major histocompatibility complex class I restricted epitopes. Based on the computational analysis and previously published report, a set 19 antigenic proteins derived from Leishmania donovani were screened for further characterization as vaccine candidates. A total of 49 epitopes were predicted, which revealed a comprehensive binding affinity to the 40 different MHC class I supertypes. Based on the population coverage and HLA cross presentation, nine highly promiscuous epitopes such as LTYDDVWTV (P1), FLFPQRTAL(P2), FLFSNGAVV (P3), YIYNFGIRV (P4), YMTAAFAAL (P5), KLLRPFAPL (P6), FMLGWIVTI (P7), SLFERNKRV (P8), and SVWNRIFTL (P9) which have either a high or an intermediate TAP binding affinity were selected for further analysis. Theoretical population coverage analysis of polytope vaccine (P1–P9) revealed more than 92% population. Stimulation with the cocktail of peptide revealed a proliferative CD8+ T cell response and increased IFN‐γ production. An upregulated NF‐κB activity is thought to be play a pivotal role in T cell proliferation against the selected peptide. The Th1‐type cytokine profile (presence of IFN‐γ and absence of IL‐10) suggests the potentiality of the cocktail of epitope as a subunit vaccine against leishmaniasis. However, the efficiency of these epitopes to trigger other Th1 cytokines and chemokines in a humanized mice model could explore its plausibility as a vaccine candidate. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 378–391, 2018.

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Dive into the Roshan Kamal Topno's collaboration.

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Pradeep Das

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

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Krishna Pandey

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

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Niyamat Ali Siddiqui

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

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Ganesh Chandra Sahoo

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

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Sanjiva Bimal

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

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V. N. R. Das

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

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Manas Ranjan Dikhit

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

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Rakesh Bihari Verma

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

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Vahab Ali

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

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Neena Verma

Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences

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