Rosilda Mara Mussury

Crescimento inicial de mudas de Bombacopsis glabra (Pasq.) A. Robyns sob condição de sombreamento

This experiment was carried out to study the growth of Bombacopsis glabra (Pasq.) A. Robyns seedlings under different light intensities. The germination capacity of the seeds was determined by the index and percentage of germination speed of a hundred seeds (1 seed/sac). After 40 days, seventy-five saplings were transferred to 50% and 30% shade and beds under direct sunlight. Sapling development was carried out in randomized block design with three repetitions of five saplings, with stem height and lap diameter being evaluated on the 61 st , 82 nd , 103 rd and 124 th day after sapling emergence. Chlorophyll content a, b, total and ratio a/b; dry mass of the plant (DM), leaf area (LA), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area rate (LAR) and net assimilating rate (NAR) and survival sapling percentage were measured on the 103 rd and 124 th days, when the experiment was concluded. The seeds presented 95% of germination and a high index of germination speed (1.7). The saplings presented 100% of survival in all the treatments. Shade levels did not affect sapling survival, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll a and b, RGR, LR and LAR during the studied intervals. The saplings grown under 50% shadow presented a higher height, larger concentration of total chlorophyll and a lower a/b ratio. Bombacopsis glabra propagates easily, presenting a good development at full sunlight and enduring 30% and 50% shade.

Study of Acari and Collembola Populations in Four Cultivation Systems in Dourados - MS

The impact four cultivation systems on the soil fauna was studied, using Oribatida and Gamasida acarids as bioindicators and collembolan. The research was carried out in experimental fields, located in EMBRAPA - CPAO in Dourados, Centerwest of Brazil from July 1997 to December 1999. The constant pasture system presented smaller impact on the soil fauna followed by agricultural cattle rotation and a direct plantation system. In the conventional plantation series, the populational density of the mesofauna organisms was low, especially collembolan families.

Occurrence of Diaretiella rapae (Mc´Intosh, 1855) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) Parasitising Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach, 1843) and Brevicoryne brassicae (L. 1758) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Brassica napus in Mato Grosso do Sul

The occurrence of Diaretiella rapae parasitising Lipaphis erysimi and Brevicoryne brassicae in canola field (Brassica napus) was evaluated through two sample methods in Dourados-MS. The methods, used weekly, were: entomologic sweep net and plants sacking. The aphids population was observed from initial to the senescence plant development. Aphids were more abundant during the flowering phase, and they were usually located in the stems of the inflorescence and development fruits. In this phase the largest parasitism level for D. rapae (89,7%) occurred. The sample method with a sweep net captured significantly (t=4,484, P £ 0,01) more D. rapae while sacking method captured more parasitise aphids (t=2,199 with P £ 0,05) and active aphids (t=3,513, P £ 0,01).

ESTRESSE HÍDRICO NO METABOLISMO E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE MUTAMBO (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.)

This work aimed to evaluate the initial growth of Guazuma ulmifolia (mutambo) seedlings under different water regimen. The seedlings received the following treatments of water: 100%, 50%, 25% and 12.5% of the capacity of field and were evaluated in 35 and 83 days of cultivation in different treatments. The seedlings survival in 12.5%fc was smaller than in others treatments, being evaluated only on 35 days after the seedlings did not resist, lost completely the leaf and died. The height, diameter, the leaf area, dry mass of airy part and roots were higher under high water availability, however the medium length of the roots did not vary among the treatments. The stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration rates were lower under 12.5%fc, but the efficiency in the use of water did not vary between the different fc. The rate of liquid assimilated and relative growth, leaf area ratio and opening of ostioles decreased with low field capacity. To the production of seedlings of Guzuma ulmifolia the water regimen in initial phase must be of 100%fc, however the seedlings growth is satisfactory below 50%fc. Bellow of 25%fc the seedlings get in water stress before the 35 days of cultivation.

Studies of the floral biology and reproductive system of Brassica napus L.(Cruciferae)

Studies of the floral biology of canola were accomplished with the objective of enlarging the system and reproductive strategies knowledge of its CTC-4 cultivar in Dourados, Centerwest, Brazil. Brassica napus is self pollinated, presenting however, many resources for the allogamy accomplishment, e.g., abundant pollen, nectar and scent production. The smaller anther were responsible for the production of fruit with smaller and less growth seeds, when compared to the autogamy, autopollination and cross pollination tests.

Avaliação do impacto da fragmentação de florestas nativas sobre a mesofauna edáfica na região de Dourados-MS

Este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o impacto da fragmentacao sobre a dinâmica populacional de individuos da mesofauna edafica em tres fragmentos de florestas nativas na regiao de Dourados, MS, sendo dois deles localizados em area indigena (Jaguapiru e Bororo) e o terceiro em outra area nao indigena (fazenda Azulao). Para avaliar o impacto da fragmentacao, foi avaliado o numero de Acari Oribatida e Gamasida e insetos Collembola nas tres areas de estudo, utilizando o funil de Berlesse modificado. Observou-se que o fragmento Bororo apresentou um numero medio total de 8,42 organismos seguido da Jaguapiru com 11,25 e Azulao com 16,74. Os Acari Oribatida e Gamasida foram os mais numerosos nas tres areas estudadas.

Desenvolvimento de mudas de Aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) e sombreiro (Clitoria fairchildiana) sob condições de sombreamento

The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of S. terebinthifolius and C. fairchildiana seedlings under shade and full sunlight conditions. The seedlings were cultivated under 70% and 50% sunlight and full sunlight. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications of twenty seedlings. Stem height and collar diameter were evaluated every 21 days. At the end of the experiment total dried weight (TDW-g), leaf area (LA-dm2), leaf weight rate LWR-g/g) and leaf specific weight (LSW-g/dm2) were also evaluated. The seeds of S.terebinthifolius and C. fairchildiana showed a germination of 70% and 85% respectively. S. terebinthifolius tolerated moderate shade (70% sunligth) however, full sunlight seemed to be most appropriate. C. fairchildiana seedlings did not develop in a satisfactory manner under full sunlight. Although the stem height did not vary among light levels (16.39 cm), the seedlings showed lower diameter (5.32mm), lower total dried weight (26.22), lower leaf area (32.98 dm2) and higher leaf specific weight (0.4).

Germination and storage of seeds of Albizia hasslerii (Chod.) Burkart.

The objective of this work was to to evaluate the influence of the temperatures and the pre-germinatives treatments in germination of seeds of Albizia hasslerii. Two experiments had been carried out. In the first experiment the seeds had received the following pre-germinative treatments: immersion in H2SO4 per 10 minutes, H2SO4 per 20 minutes, GA3 150 mg. L-1 for 24 hours and the control, without treatment. For the second experiment, the seeds had been divided in two lots, one of them was sown immediately after the harvest and the other was packed in Kraft paper and stored during 90, 180 and 270 days in conditions of cold chamber and ambient temperature. The seeds had received the following pre-germinative treatments: immersion in sulfuric acid for 20 minutes, in natural water for 24 hours, and the witness. The incubation occurred in temperatures of 18oC, 25oC and 30oC, 20-30oC and in greenhouse, without control of temperature. It was evaluated germination percentage, germination speed index, the length of root and aerial part, and dry mass of seedlings. The experiments had been carried out in randomized complete design, being the first one in factorial arrangement of 6 x 5 and the second in factorial arrangement of 3 x 5 x 4, both with 4 repetitions of 20 seeds. The sulfuric acid treatment for 20 minutes presented the highest values for all the evaluated characteristics. The seeds stored for 90 days in cold chamber had presented germination superior than 50% without any pre-germinative treatment and in any temperature of incubation. Seedlings proceeding from seeds stored in cold chamber had been more vigorous.

Comportamento do algodoeiro cultivar delta opal sob estresse hídrico com e sem aplicação de bioestimulante

This work was aimed at evaluating the effect of biostimulant Stimulate® applied or not at different development stages of cotton plant cv Delta Opal, (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivated in greenhouse, subjected or not to water stress. Applications of 25, 60 and 100% of total volume of pores (VTP) filled up with water were conducted, and then Stimulate® was sprinkled over the seed and on the flower bud stage, without biostimulant application 69 days after sowing. The water stress time period was that of 15, 30 and 45 days after water stress application. The cotton plant cv Delta Opal did not tolerate hydric deficit of 25% VTP on the flower bud set off, where smaller heights as well as smaller colon diameters and flower number were observed, all of which also endanger reproductive structure formation. The use of biostimulant on the dosage and the type of application did not render any improvement on plant development when submitted to lack of water; nevertheless there was a colon diameter increase on plants subjected to water excess.

Genetic instability in plants associated with vehicular traffic and climatic variables

To characterize the effect of vehicular traffic on air quality, the micronuclei of Tradescantia pallida tetrads were counted. Young inflorescences of T. pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt var. purpurea were collected in 2010, 2011, and 2012, from three sites subjected to different intensities of vehicular traffic. The sites were located in the municipality of Dourados, in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A standardized methodology was used to analyze the Tradescantia micronuclei, in order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of the local air pollutants. Statistical analyses using the Pearsons linear correlation were employed to determine the relationship between relative humidity and temperature, and the average number of micronuclei. In this study, an increase in the average number of passing vehicles was correlated with an increase in the frequency of micronucleus formation. Climatic factors also influenced micronucleus formation, although vehicular traffic remained the most important factor. Thus, the Tradescantia micronuclei assay may be a useful method of assessing air quality.