Rosileide F.S. Andrade

Physicochemical characterization of tensio-active produced by Geobacillus stearothermophilus isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil.

Biosurfactants are surface-active agents of microbial origin, and have a property of lowering the interfacial tension between two liquids. They act on the interface and are amphiphathic molecules; in with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions are present in the same molecule. However, the economics of producing biosurfactant has limited its commercial applications, and the costs can be reduced using cheap substrates or industrial waste. The present study showed the biosurfactant production using corn steep liquor and palm oil as carbon and nitrogen sources for reduction the costs of production. The biosurfactant production by Geobacillus stearothermophilus UCP 986 was carried out using optimized culture medium constituted by palm oil (7.5%) and corn steep liquor (4.5%) using Bioflo fermentor, at temperature of 45°C, during 32 h and agitation of 300 rpm. The biosurfactant showed a reduction of the water surface tension of 72-31 mN/m and interfacial tension of 0.3 mN/m. The biosurfactant was obtained from the net metabolic liquid by acetone precipitation corresponding to the yield of 2.3g/L. The isolate biosurfactant showed a CMC of 2.5% and non-ionic profile. The best emulsification index (E(24)) obtained was 87% using motor oil burned. The biosurfactant solution (2.5%) used in oil spreading test increases the viscosity of engine burning oil of 149.2% and 138.2% to vegetable fat post-frying, respectively. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometer indicated at 29.52 min a molecular weight of 207 Da and eight peaks by FT-IR identified the chemical structure of the biosurfactant produced by G. stearothermophilus.

Waste Soybean Oil and Corn Steep Liquor as Economic Substrates for Bioemulsifier and Biodiesel Production by Candida lipolytica UCP 0998

Almost all oleaginous microorganisms are available for biodiesel production, and for the mechanism of oil accumulation, which is what makes a microbial approach economically competitive. This study investigated the potential that the yeast Candida lipolytica UCP0988, in an anamorphous state, has to produce simultaneously a bioemulsifier and to accumulate lipids using inexpensive and alternative substrates. Cultivation was carried out using waste soybean oil and corn steep liquor in accordance with 22 experimental designs with 1% inoculums (107 cells/mL). The bioemulsifier was produced in the cell-free metabolic liquid in the late exponential phase (96 h), at Assay 4 (corn steep liquor 5% and waste soybean oil 8%), with 6.704 UEA, IE24 of 96.66%, and showed an anionic profile. The emulsion formed consisted of compact small and stable droplets (size 0.2–5 µm), stable at all temperatures, at pH 2 and 4, and 2% salinity, and showed an ability to remove 93.74% of diesel oil from sand. The displacement oil (ODA) showed 45.34 cm2 of dispersion (central point of the factorial design). The biomass obtained from Assay 4 was able to accumulate lipids of 0.425 g/g biomass (corresponding to 42.5%), which consisted of Palmitic acid (28.4%), Stearic acid (7.7%), Oleic acid (42.8%), Linoleic acid (19.0%), and γ-Linolenic acid (2.1%). The results showed the ability of C. lipopytica to produce both bioemulsifier and biodiesel using the metabolic conversion of waste soybean oil and corn steep liquor, which are economic renewable sources.

Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Strain of Pantoea agglomerans UCP1320 Isolated from Laundry Effluent

Background: Cadmium (Cd), which is a deadly heavy metal of work-related and environmental concern, has been recognized as a substance that is teratogenic and carcinogenic for humans. Therefore, the need to develop low-cost adsorbents to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution has greatly increased. Adsorbents such as Pantoea agglomerans biomass have been used. Aims: We investigated the biotechnological potential of Pantoea agglomerans for the biosorption of cadmium from aqueous solution. Patients and Methods: Pantoea agglomerans UCP1320 isolated from the effluent of a laundry industry was used to remove cadmium from aqueous solutions. Two approaches were compared using active or thermally inactivated biomass. Three different cadmium concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ppm were used under constant stirring at temperatures of 25°C and 35°C as was pH of 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0. Variable incubation times of 1, 6, and 24h were also studied. Results: The results showed that the temperature did not influence the uptake of metal by living cells nor by inactive bacterial biomass. However, increasing the pH had a positive effect on removing intermediate concentrations of cadmium. Low concentrations of cadmium were completely removed by both live and inactive biomass. Conclusion: Pantoea agglomerans biomass was shown to have a promising performance for the biotechnological removal of cadmium which had been dissolved in aqueous solution.

An Efficient Producing-Bioemulsifier by Bacillus Subtilis UCP 0146 Isolated from Mangrove Sediments

In this work was investigated the potential of Bacillus subtilis UCP 0146 in the bioconversion of the medium containing 100% of cassava flour wastewater to obtain bioemulsifier. The evaluation of the production was carried out by the emulsification index (IE24) and surface tension (TS). The ionic charge, stability (temperature, salinity and pH measured by IE24 and viscosity), ability to remove and disperse oil and textile dye were investigated. B.subtilis produced an anionic bioemulsifier in the medium containing 100% of cassava wastewater in condition 4 of the factorial design (9% of the inoculum, at 35 °C and agitation of 100 rpm) with surface tension of 39mN/m, IE24 of 95.2 % and yield 2.69 g.L-1. Stability at different pH (2-8), temperatures (0-120oC) and NaCl, dispersed (55.83 cm2-ODA) and reduced the viscosity of the burned engine oil (90.5 cP) , removed 94.4% petroleum and demonstrated efficiency in methylene blue removal (62.2%). The bioemulsifier and its synthesis from bacteria and also emphases on the role of surfactants in oil remediation.

Biotechnological Potential of Aspergillus niger UCP 1353 and the Use of Activated Coal on the Discoloration of Dye Orange II

The environmental problems have become increasingly frequent, reaching in some regions to a critical situation, one of the reasons that contributes for this to occur in the industrial activities. Among these activities, the textile effluents stand out because they are strongly colored due to the presence of dyes that do not bind to the fiber during the dyeing process (Kunzet al., 2002; Favere et al., 2010; Salvador et al., 2012). According to Sousa and Zamora (2005), the fact that they use large amounts of water associated with the low utilization of the inputs (dyes, detergents, gummings, softeners and others), makes the textile industry responsible for the large generation of waste volumes, with high organic load and strong staining. Dyes and pigments are compounds widely used in the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 2716-2727 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Production of β-Carotene by a Newly Isolated Rhodotorula Glutinis UCP1555 Strain and Cytotoxic Effect Evaluation

Carotenoids have attracted greater attention due to the beneficial role on human health. It is an essential nutrient and has some biological functions such as species-specific coloration, photoprotection, light absorbing, which is an important component because of its role as precursor of vitamin A. In this study was performed the production of β-Carotene by Rhodotorula glutinis UCP/WFCC 1555 in presence and absence of blue and white using LED (light-emitting diodes) and evaluation of the cytotoxic effect. The production was investigated in low cost medium constituted by different concentrations of CG (crude glycerin) and CSL (corn steep liquor) from the CCD (Central Composite Design) and the identification and yield of the β-Carotene was investigated by chromatographic profile (HPLC). Additionally, the β-Carotene produced was tested to evaluate its cytotoxic effect in human tumor cells MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HL-60 (promyelocytic leukemia) and healthy cells of macrophages. The results showed that in the medium composed by 6% glycerin and 0.6% corn steep liquor, in the absence of light, occurred the maximum production of total carotenoids with values of 160 μg·g and these 100.60 μg·g correspond to the β-Carotene that showed ability in inhibit cell growth in several tumor cells such as MCF-7 cells (breast cancer) and HL-60 (promyelocytic leukemia).