Rosimere J. Teixeira

The relationship between ovarian structure and serum insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its binding protein (IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3) levels in premature pubarche.

The aim of this study was to determine serum insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its binding proteins (IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3) levels and their relationship with androgen levels and ovarian structure in 23 girls with premature pubarche (PP). Fasting levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS), androstenedione (delta4A), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), glucose (G), insulin (I), IGF-I, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3 were measured. Androgens or steroid hormone levels > 3 SD of normal postpubertal levels were considered as an exaggerated response to the ACTH test. The fasting I to G ratio (FIGR) was calculated and FIGR > 22 was suggestive of insulin resistance (IR). A pelvic ultrasound (US) was carried out and the ovarian structure was divided into five classes (c): c1--homogeneous, c2--microcystic, c3--multicystic, c4--polycystic and c5--follicular. The girls with PP were divided into two groups according to the main ovarian classes observed: PPc1 (n = 6) and PPc2 (n = 15). The FIGR showed IR in 44% of patients. The androgens, SHBG, G, I, FIGR, IGF-I and IGFBP-1 levels were similar among the groups (PPc1 vs PPc2). An exaggerated response to ACTH was more common and IGFBP-3 levels were higher in the PPc2 than in the PPc1 group (p = 0.04). Regression analysis revealed that I was correlated with DHEAS (r = -0.43, p = 0.04) and IGFBP-1 (r = -0.51, p = 0.01); IGF-I was correlated with DHEA (r = -0.42, p = 0.05), delta4A (r = -0.47, p = 0.02), SHBG (r = -0.43, p = 0.04), IGFBP-1 (r = -0.61, p = 0.002) and IGFBP-3 (r = 0.56, p = 0.005); IGFBP-1 was correlated with SHBG (r = 0.56, p = 0.005). These findings suggest that there might be interactions between the insulin-IGF-I-IGFBPs system and hyperandrogenism. However, the possible causal role of adrenal androgen hypersecretion on the insulin-IGF-I-IGFBPs axis and ovarian structure in girls with PP remains to be established. Since studies reveal that IGFBP-3 levels could be a negative predictor for insulin sensitivity throughout puberty, we hypothesize that girls with PP and microcystic ovaries are at risk of developing IR in the course of normal puberty.

Resistência à insulina na pubarca precoce - Relação com os androgênios

The aim of this study was to describe the insulin profile and to determine the relationship with hyperandrogenism in the premature pubarche (PP). Twenty-three girls with PP due to premature adrenarche and 5 normal prepubertal control (C) girls were studied (7.3 ± 1.1 x 7.1 ± 1.8 years). The fasting levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (SDHEA), testosterone (T) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured. The body mass index (BMI) and the free androgen index (FAl) were calculated. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed; the fasting insulin (I) to glucose (G) ratio (FIGR = I/G) and the areas under the curve for G (AUCG) and I (AUCI) were calculated. A FIGR > 22 was suggestive of I resistance (IR). The BMI was higher in PP than in C (18.8 ± 3.0 x 15.5 ± 1.6, p = 0.03). Plasma levels of SDHEA (71.7 ± 40.6 x 34.2 ± 6.9µg/dl, p = 0.02), T (0.41 ± 0.4 x 0.17 ± 0.1nmol/L, p = 0,02) and FAl (0.73 ± 0.7 x 0.17 ± 0.04, p = 0.001) were higher in PP than in C, but SHBG levels (63.7 ± 23.1 x 110.2 ± 23.9nmol/L, p = 0.0006) were lower. The FIGR showed IR in 44% of patients, but the G, I, AUGC, AUIC and FIGR were similar in both groups. A negative correlation between SDHEA and I (r = -0.43, p = 0.04) and between SHBG and BMI (r = -0.74, p = 0.0001) and AUIC (r = -0.36, p = 0.09) were observed in PP. The AUIC showed a positive correlation with BMI (r = 0.56, p = 0.006) and FIGR (r = 0.86, p = 0.0001). Adrenal hyperandrogenism may not have adverse effects on I sensitivity at childhood, expressed here by the negative correlation between SDHEA and I, in girls with PP. But presence of the FIGR suggestive of IR was so common, that the exact relationship between the levels of adrenal androgens and I sensitivity remains unclear.

Ovários policísticos em meninas e adolescentes normais: uma avaliação ultra-sonográfica

Real-time high-resolution ultrasonography of the pelvic organs was performed in 140 healthy females aged 2-18 years. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of polycystic ovaries during normal pubertal development. The volume of the ovaries was calculated and ovarian structure was classified as homogeneous, microcystic, multycystic, polycystic and follicular. The volume of the ovaries increased and the ovarian structure varied according to sexual development. The ovaries exhibited a polycystic appearance in 8% of the cases (two prepubertal and nine postpubertal girls). The volume of the ovaries was normal in 8/11 patients with polycystic ovaries. We consider that the using of the volume of the ovaries as a diagnostic criterion for polycystic ovaries is difficult to interpret and we emphasize the importance of the evaluation of the ovarian stroma with ultrasound. An attractive hypothesis that needs confirmation by longitudinal studies is wether girls with ultrasound diagnosed polycystic ovaries are at risk of developing polycystic ovarian syndrome in adulthood.