Ross Krawczyk

Measurement of Body Image in Adolescence and Adulthood

This article provides a overview of measures designed to provide an assessment of the subjective and attitudinal components of body image. Dimensions of body image reviewed include subjective (global and specific), affective, cognitive, and behavioral. Typical measures for each category are described and an extensive listing of widely used and empirically supported measures are provided in tabular format. Methodological issues regarding the appropriate selection of a specific measure for a specific sample (e.g., gender, age, and ethnicity) and research design are explored. Specific recommendations to guide the clinician and the researcher in choosing a body image measure are provided.

The effects of advertisements that sexually objectify women on state body dissatisfaction and judgments of women: The moderating roles of gender and internalization.

Experimental studies have demonstrated that exposure to idealized images of women increases state body image disturbance. However, little work has experimentally examined the effects of exposure to images that sexually objectify women, especially as it relates to women and mens state body dissatisfaction and judgments of women. In the current study, 437 women and men were randomly assigned to view advertisements that sexually objectify women and portray appearance ideals, or to view non-appearance-related advertisements. Results indicated that state body dissatisfaction increased for women and men exposed to advertisements that sexually objectified women, although this effect was larger for women. Trait internalization of appearance ideals moderated this effect, indicating that women and men with higher internalization exhibited greater state body dissatisfaction after viewing women sexually objectified in advertisements. Exposure to women sexually objectified in advertisements did not affect womens or mens attractiveness or competence ratings of women in university advertisements.

Ya gotta have friends: Social support and self-efficacy predict success following immersion treatment

This study examined the impact of perceived social support and self‐efficacy on predicting success in weight management following immersion treatment of adolescent obesity.

Self-objectification, body shame, and disordered eating: Testing a core mediational model of objectification theory among White, Black, and Hispanic women.

Objectification theory asserts that self-objectification, which manifests as self-surveillance, leads to increased body shame and subsequent eating pathology. Although evidence supports the core mediational model, the majority of this work utilizes primarily White samples, limiting generalizability to other ethnic groups. The current study examined whether the core tenets of objectification theory generalize to Black and Hispanic women. Participants were 880 college women from the United States (71.7% White, 15.1% Hispanic, 13.2% Black) who completed self-report measures of self-surveillance, body shame, and disordered eating. Multivariate analysis of variance tests indicated lower levels of self-surveillance and disordered eating among Black women. Moreover, body shame mediated the relationship between self-surveillance and disordered eating for White and Hispanic women, but not for Black women. These analyses support growing evidence for the role of body shame as a mediator between body surveillance and eating pathology, but only for women in certain ethnic groups.