Rossi Kamal

Smart grid cooperative communication with smart relay

Many studies have investigated the smart grid architecture and communication models in the past few years. However, the communication model and architecture for a smart grid still remain unclear. Todays electric power distribution is very complex and maladapted because of the lack of efficient and cost-effective energy generation, distribution, and consumption management systems. A wireless smart grid communication system can playan important role in achieving these goals. In thispaper, we describe a smart grid communication architecture in which we merge customers and distributors into a single domain. In the proposed architecture, all the home area networks, neighborhood area networks, and local electrical equipment form a local wireless mesh network (LWMN). Each device or meter can act as a source, router, or relay. The data generated in any node (device/meter) reaches the data collector via other nodes. The data collector transmits this data via the access point of a wide area network (WAN). Finally, data is transferred to the service provider or to the control center of the smart grid. We propose a wireless cooperative communication model for the LWMN. We deploy a limited number of smart relays to improve the performance of the network. A novel relay selection mechanism is also proposed to reduce the relay selection overhead. Simulation results show that our cooperative smart grid (coopSG) communication model improves the end-to-end packet delivery latency, throughput, and energy efficiency over both the Wang et al. and Niyato et al. models.

Intelligent M2M network using healthcare sensors

Machine to Machine (M2M), communication between the machines without or with the least-human involvement, is going to be an important part of life. Healthcare is one of the areas on which M2M is going to play major roles. At present time, healthcare sensors monitor patient information and notify remote doctors. However, if we can integrate more intelligence in healthcare sensors, then these can sense patients emergency condition by themselves and can notify doctor before severe condition. In this context, we have developed intelligent mobile sensor agents in a healthcare scenario in a M2M context. This sensor agent can sense blood pressure of a patient and can notify remote doctor, with the help of an intelligent adapter and a manager in a M2M healthcare scenario.

A lightweight temperature scheduling routing algorithm for an implanted sensor network

Modern diagnosis system has been evolved to equip human being with advanced health-service. In vivo sensors have come up to contribute in this field with its support in miniature, complex operation as implanted in a human body. Implanted sensor solutions like artificial retina, pacemaker and implanted cardioverter defibrillators, insulin pump, glucose monitor — are remarkable inventions in medical science. But, these implanted sensor nodes exhibit temperature at packet transmission or processing time that can be dangerous for surrounding human tissues. With the advancement of wireless communication and sensor network technology, thermal aware routing algorithms have been proposed for this type of sensor network. But, these algorithms suffer from disadvantages like hotspot creation, computational complexity overhead or redundant hop traversal etc. We also have to consider energy constraints like limited battery life of this miniature form of sensor nodes. We have tried to solve these problems with lightweight event-based communication (publish-subscribe system) in this type of sensor network. We have proposed a lightweight temperature scheduling routing algorithm for this implanted sensor network. Proposed routing protocol is considered to schedule temperature in implanted sensor nodes deployed in the joint operation of cancer hyperthermia, radio-therapy and chemo-therapy.

A policy based management framework for machine to machine networks and services

With the penetration of smart-devices and intelligent home-appliances, M2M (machine to machine) communication has opened the door of new prospects for us. The success of such M2M networks depends on its human involvements at the least possible level. In this context, policy based management has huge potentials to be used for M2M communication. This paper presents such a policy based management framework for M2M networks and services. We have considered two M2M communication platforms namely smart-devices and sensor network in our system.

Network-assisted congestion control for information centric networking

Internet has grown very rapidly in the last couple of decades and still growing because of the expansion and utilization of various services and applications. Consequently, demand of delay and throughput sensitive services, like audio/video is also increasing. Information Centric Networking (ICN) is proposed as an architecture for the future Internet to meet the modern users and application requirements. In ICN users send requests (Interest Packets) for the Data they need. Interest packet is assigned a lifetime, which greatly affects the Quality of Experience (QoE) because user needs to resend the Interest, when the lifetime expires. Interest lifetime may be expired because of congestion, or Interest lifetime is shorter than the network delay, etc. Waiting for the expiration of an Interest lifetime to resend it is merely appropriate for best effort traffic, rather than services which require high throughput and are delay sensitive. In this paper, we propose Network-Assisted Congestion Control mechanism in ICN, which detects the congestion before it happens, and provides notification to downstream node. On reception of the notification, downstream node continuously reduces the traffic rate. However, when the downstream node fails to adjust the sending rate, the same procedure continues, until the sending node reduces the traffic rate through adjusting its congestion window. We have intensively evaluated our proposal by comparing it with similar proposal using ndnSIM. The experimental results show that our proposal achieves up to 59 percent performance improvement over other proposal in the literature.

Fault tolerant virtual backbone for minimum temperature in in vivo sensor networks

Body sensor nodes those are implanted inside human body for comparatively long term monitoring, are termed as implanted or implantable or in vivo sensor nodes. In recent years, in vivo sensor nodes are getting increasing interest from clinicians or researchers around the world. These nodes are noninvasive and can provide more accurate information in terms of medical science being implanted on/near the targeted body-organ. Moreover, movement of human or body organ does not affect the functionality of in vivo nodes. However, in vivo sensor nodes exhibit temperature at processing or communication time, which might be dangerous for human tissue in long term monitoring. Thermal aware routing algorithms have been proposed to deal with the problem. But, these algorithms suffer from limitations like hotspot creation, computational complexity, delay etc. A virtual backbone is a small subset of connected sensor nodes and it is connected to all other sensor nodes of the set. All virtual backbone nodes involve less interference, congestion and lightweight communication those are significant for an in vivo sensor network. In this context, we have proposed fault-tolerant virtual backbone construction algorithm to schedule temperature(routing cost) in an in vivo environment. Fault-tolerance virtual backbone is significant in the sense that when any node or nodes of a in vivo virtual backbone has/have higher temperature, the path is disconnected and communication is continued with an alternative path. Therefore, temperature is scheduled in an in vivo sensor network.

Event-based middleware for healthcare applications

In existing middleware for body sensor networks, energy limitations, hardware heterogeneity, increases in node temperature, and the absence of software reusability are major problems. In this paper, we propose an event-based grid middleware component that solves these problems using distributed resources in in vivo sensor nodes. In our multi-hop communication, we use a lightweight rendezvous routing algorithm in a publish/subscribe system of event-based communication. To facilitate software reuse and application development, a modified open services gateway initiative has been implemented in our middleware architecture. We evaluated our grid middleware in a cancer treatment scenario with combined hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy procedures, using in vivo sensors.

Grid middleware for invivo sensor nodes

Energy limitation, heterogeneity of hardware, increase in node temperature, absence of software reusability-are major problems in existing middleware for body sensor networks. In this paper, we have proposed an event based grid middleware that solves all these problems using distributed resources. In our multi-hop communication, we have used lightweight rendezvous routing algorithm on publish/subscribe system of event based communication. To faciliate software re-use and application development, modified OSGI has been implemented in our middleware architecture. We have considered our grid middleware on a scenerio of cancer treatment with join operations of hyperthermia, chemo-therapy and radio-therapy with invivo sensors.

A light-weight channel rendezvous scheduling for multi-channel medium access in sensor networks

In this paper, we present an efficient channel rendezvous (i.e., sender and receiver communicate on the same channel) scheduling for multi-channel medium access control (MAC) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed scheme mainly targets to implement an efficient medium access control that can cope-up and adapt with the mostly available dynamic and diverse traffic environments of WSNs. To do so, the duty-cycle (periodic wake-up and sleep under low traffic) and multi-channel (at heavy traffic) concepts are applied for the proposed channel rendezvous and medium access design. Unlike earlier works the given approach is asynchronously scheduled and avoids the time-synchronization overhead in maintaining the nodes cycles for channel rendezvous as well as the time-slotted medium access in data communication. Finally, the protocol is evaluated through extensive simulations and we have observed the efficiency of the proposed work over few existing schemes.

A mobile middleware to solve interoperability problems in VOIP streaming session

SIP, H.323 and Jingle have been widely used as VoIP protocols. As the session establishment period differs in these protocols and their different implementations, interoperability problems occur. This paper presents a middleware on mobile devices with a generic framework supporting the three protocols and their different implementations. The applications (rmobvoip, rmoblog, mobrmi, mobcorba) implement distributed protocols to solve interoperability problems and to overcome the scarce resources of mobile devices. A peer with this middleware is provided with three options (SIP, H.323 and Jingle) and it can choose any of the protocols or implementations depending on the protocol type used by other peer of the session.