Rowan Bayne

Personality and the use of intuition: individual differences in strategy and performance on an implicit learning task

There is a divergence of opinion regarding the existence of individual differences in the use of intuition, ranging from intuition being the preserve of a creative minority to intuition as a basic cognitive process that is equally accessible to all. The existence and nature of individual differences in the use of intuition were explored by studying relationships between the sensing–intuition scale of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator and strategy and performance on an implicit learning task. Results indicated differences in strategy and performance in implicit learning between sensing and intuitive types. Intuitive types were more likely to report a strategy of using intuition; sensing types were more likely to use explicit knowledge. In addition, intuitive types were more accurate than sensing types in their intuition. Thus, the position that there are individual differences in the use of intuition has been supported. Copyright

New Directions in Counselling

This text is a response to changes currently affecting counselling. A team of contributors identify the pressures forcing change, taking into account national and European legislation and the drive from within counselling towards greater professionalism and accountability. Part one considers the impact of accredation, National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs), developing Codes of Ethics and evaluating effectiveness. Part two looks at new interventions for common problems, such as smoking, depression, stress and abuse; new settings for counselling, including the workplace and medical practice; and new techniques, such as using narratives. The final part discusses issues in training, raising questions about the place of a feminist perspective and whether there are still myths about counselling which need to be challenged.

Psychological Type and Counselling.

Abstract Psychological type as a theory of four major personality characteristics is applied to empathy and choice of strategy. The issues of how versatile counsellors should be and of how, specifically, type can be used in counselling, are discussed. The problem of losing weight is used to illustrate how strategies may be matched with clients of different types or temperaments. Type suggests the possibilities of quicker and deeper empathy, more appropriate challenging, a wider range of strategies, and which kinds of strategy are most and least likely to be effective with which clients.

Psychological type and counselling psychology trainees’ choice of counselling orientation

Clarifying the factors which influence choice of counselling orientation is important. This study investigated whether psychological type is associated with choice of orientation in counselling psychology trainees. Sets of questionnaires were sent to 210 counselling psychology trainees in four universities, which resulted in a sample of 84 participants. The measures were the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II and a short demographic questionnaire which also asked open-ended questions about chosen orientation. Participants who preferred SJ (Sensing-Judging) were more likely to choose the CBT model, NFJ (Intuition-Feeling-Judging) types the Psychodynamic model and NFPs (Intuition-Feeling-Perceiving) the Person-Centred model.

Psychological type and conceptions of empathy in experienced counsellors

Abstract Definitions of empathy vary widely. One explanation is that the different conceptions reflect personality differences. We investigated this idea with a sample of fifteen experienced counsellor, using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to measure aspects of personality and semistructured interviews to measure conceptions and reported practice of empathy. Counsellors who preferred sensing were found to make more references to empathy as a state and intuitive types to process. Those who preferred thinking and judging had a more active conception and reported practice, while feeling and perceiving types referred to a passive approach. Further relationships predicted by Myer-Briggs theory, between preference for thinking and cognitive empathy, and feeling and affective empathy, were close to statistical significance. Therefore, different psychological types do seem to define empathy differently. Implications for counselling theory, practice and training and education are discussed.

Interpretations and uses of research on ‘Barnum’ personality statements

Abstract The experimental design and main finding of research on Barnum statements are outlined. The fact that the statements are rated as accurate descriptions of themselves by most subjects is usually interpreted as demonstrating peoples gullibility (where their own personality is concerned) and therefore as explaining the success of the less conventional methods of personality assessment. This interpretation is critically discussed and rejected, primarily because the subjects were asked an ambiguous question — one that did not distinguish between general and differential accuracy. Other ways of looking at the Barnum statements are also briefly considered, with reference to personality, self-concepts, and interviewer confidence in assessments.

Applied psychology : current issues and new directions

PART ONE: PRACTICE AND TRAINING Clinical Psychology - Mary Boyle and Christopher Whitely Educational Psychology - Paul Curran, Irvine S Gersch and Sheila Wolfendale Occupational and Organizational Psychology - Christine Doyle Counselling Psychology - Jill Mytton Forensic Psychology - Brian R Clifford Health Psychology - James J Walsh and Mark R McDermott Careers Guidance - Jenny Bimrose, M Rachel Mulvey and Nelica La Gro Counselling - Rowan Bayne, Tony Merry and Gladeana McMahon The Professional Academic - John Radford PART TWO: GENERIC ISSUES Research - Brian R Clifford The Ubiquitous Handmaiden of Professionalism Beyond Evidence-Based Practice - David Harper, M Rachel Mulvey and Mary Robinson Rethinking the Relationship between Research, Theory and Practice Sexism in Psychology and How To End It - Irina Anderson and Bipasha Ahmed Feminist and Critical Debates in Applied Contexts The Higher Education Context - John Radford New Directions in Applied Psychology - Edited by Rowan Bayne A Roundtable

Forming Impressions of People

This chapter is concerned with the way people form impressions of other people and make judgements of them, and in particular how such judgements might become more accurate. This is important for social workers and other professionals, but also for people generally, for example in choosing who to work and live with! We discuss the selective and creative nature of perception; accuracy in judging emotion and personality; nonverbal communication and how best to interpret it; and some of the influences on our liking some people more than others.

Psychology for Social Work Theory and Practice

1. Why Study Psychology?.- PART I: THEORY FOR PRACTICE.- 2. Understanding and Applying Psychological Theories.- 3. Life Span Development.- 4. Psychological Perspectives on Social Work Settings.- PART II: SKILLS FOR PRACTICE.- 5. Working with Strengths.- 6. Communication Skills.- 7. Groupwork as Social Work Practice.- PART III: THEORY IN PRACTICE.- 8. Reflections in Practice.- 9. Leadership in Social Work Organisations

Psychological Type as a Model of Personality Development

Abstract Contemporary psychological type theory is discussed, emphasising its model of development and showing that in this theory ‘type’ is not used in a static sense (though there is an element of continuity) but rather as indicating each types different, ‘normal’ pattern of development. The concepts of good type development and false type development are touched on. A self-development exercise is described which (a) applies and illustrates aspects of the theory, and (b) provides an opportunity to practise listening and action skills.