Rowland Berthoff

Taft and MacArthur, 1900–1901: A Study in Civil-Military Relations

When the United States stumbled into possession of the Philippine Islands in 1898, Americans had not operated a military government since Reconstruction, and the task of ruling a populous alien colony was an unprecedented one for them. Because of the insurrection waged by Filipino guerrillas after February 1899, martial law could give way to civil control but gradually. The long transition provoked a civil-military conflict which, because the chief antagonists were famous fathers of now famous sons, has recently acquired a new interest. But the rivals of 1900–1901 should be judged for their own deeds. How and why did Major General Arthur MacArthur and Commissioner William Howard Taft fall out?

Book Review: Migration: A Study based on Scottish Experience between 1939 and 1964Migration: A Study based on Scottish Experience between 1939 and 1964.University of Glasgow Social and Economic Studies, Occasional Papers No. 12. By HollingsworthT. H.Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1970. xi, Pp. 187.

Scottish migration resembles that of other modern countries. Gross numbers are high: one person in five moves each year. Net migration, however, is low: many persons move more than once; four-fifths move about within the same administrative district; half of the others stay within one or another of the five regions into which the country can be divided; and many sooner or later return home. Socio-economic status primarily determines who moves; sex, age, and type of household tenure are less important.