Rubens Riscala Madi

Experiência de manejo de aves em áreas antrópicas, com a utilização de caixas de madeira como locais para nidificação

Use of nest-boxes for management of cavity nesting birds in anthropic areas can give good results. In November 1987, data collection begun in UNICAMP, Campinas (Sao Paulo), with the objective of favouring establishment and increase in urban bird communities. The House Wren (Troglodytes aedon Viellot. 1807) and House Sparrow (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) used the nest boxes for reproduction. Nests were collected and analysed (weight, used materials, incubation chamber materials, nest form). House Sparrow used thin materials, like straw, paper and plastic, while house wren used heavy materials, like sticks, wire and tabs of soff drink cans. The nest-boxes offered favorable conditions to bird reproduction and protection in disturbed areas, and showed signs of leading to increase in diversity of species, that might use this nest-boxes for reproduction in the future.

Copépodos Notodiaptomus sp. Kiefer (Crustacea, Calanoida) naturalmente infectados com metacestódeos no reservatório do Juqueri, São Paulo, Brasil

The aim of this work was to identify the components of zooplankton that act as intermediate hosts of cestodes. One hundred and ninety four copepods of the suborder Calanoida, 317 copepods of the suborder Cyclopoida and 4240 cladocerans were collected in the Juqueri reservoir, in the state of Sao Paulo, from January to August, 2003. Only Copepods Calanoida of the genus Notodiaptomus sp. Kiefer were found to be infected and contained two distinct forms of metacestodes. The metacestodes, denominated Met 1 (order Proteocephalidea) and Met 2 (order Cyclophyllidea), had the following rates of prevalence and mean intensities of infection: Met 1 - 2.06% and 64 larvae/copepod and Met 2 - 0.52% and one larvae/copepod. The positive copepods were collected at the margins of the reservoir during the day. This finding suggest that parasitism may lead to a change in the behavior of the copepods and make them more susceptible to predation in shallow water.

Gill parasites of fish from two estuaries in northeastern Brazil: new hosts and geographical records

Parasites are important components of communities and constitute great part of the biological diversity found in ecosystems, providing valuable information about their hosts and the environment in which they live. However, despite its importance, parasitic diversity is still not well known in some regions of Brazil, especially with respect to fish parasites in the Northeast Region. The present study aims to perform the survey of gill parasites of fish from two tropical estuaries located in northeastern Brazil: Paraíba and Mamanguape rivers. Two collections were made in each estuary, one during the dry period (November / 2013) and the other during the rainy season (July / 2014). The fish were caught using a beach seine net, dragged along the main channel margin. After the identification, biometry and necropsy of the fish, their parasites were collected, stored and identified. For each species of parasite, the values ​​of prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance were calculated. Of the 882 examined fish, belonging to four species, 145 were parasitized by at least one species of parasite. In total, 18 taxa of parasites of the groups Monogenea, Digenea, Nematoda, Copepoda and Isopoda were recorded, being the copepod Acusicola brasiliensis the most abundant species of parasite.

Protozoário comensal em amostra fecal: parâmetro para prevenção de infecção parasitaria via fecal-oral

Para determinar prevalencias de protozoarios comensais em uma amostra da populacao humana de Aracaju/SE entre 2007 a 2012, realizaram-se buscas em arquivos eletronicos de tres laboratorios clinicos do referido municipio. Nos arquivos deveriam constar as informacoes necessarias para execucao desse estudo. Com os dados calcularam-se as prevalencias dos protozoarios comensais, conforme variaveis de interesse. Das 270.031 pessoas investigadas, 147.132 (54,5%) foram de casos positivos e 122.899 (41,5%) negativos. Dos positivos obtiveram-se 35.216 (22,19%) casos de helmintoses, 21.811 (13,74%) de protozooses e 101.693 (64,07%) possuiam comensais. Os protozoarios comensais detectados foram Endolimax nana, Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba butschlii, Entamoeba hartmanni e Chilomastix mesnili. A ocorrencia dos comensais intestinais na amostra investigada foi preocupante, posto, suas presencas representam um bom indicador das condicoes socioeconomicas, ambientais e sanitarias de uma comunidade. Sugere-se, que seja intensificada em Aracaju educacao em saude e maior participacao das politicas publicas com investimento financeiro.

Geohelmintíases: prevalência amostral em Aracaju (SE) entre 2007 a 2010

Para determinar a prevalencia de geohelmintiases de um grupo amostral em Aracaju/SE entre 2007 a 2010, realizou-se busca em arquivos eletronicos de tres laboratorios clinicos do citado municipio. Nos arquivos se coletou variaveis para determinacao de indicadores epidemiologicos. Das 153.912 pessoas investigadas, 49,37% estavam infectadas por algum parasita ou organismo comensal. Entre os geohelmintos, a prevalencia foi de aproximadamente 20%, sendo Ascaris lumbricoides o mais prevalente (58,8%). Quanto ao genero, o masculino foi mais acometido (70,65%), e as faixas etarias mais atingidas foram as de 21anos a 49 anos. Analises mais acuradas dos bancos de dados de Laboratorios de Analises Clinicas podem subsidiar o monitoramento da dinâmica de ocorrencia das geohelmintiases e fornecer informacoes aos orgaos competentes que auxiliem nas tomadas de decisoes quanto aos investimentos em saude, educacao em saude e saneamento basico em Sergipe.

Dermocystidium sp. infection in farmed hybrid fish Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus brachypomus in Brazil

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE – Operational Competitiveness Programme; FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Grant/Award Number: 305195/2016-6, 305869/2014-0; CAPES/ EMBRAPA / Participation of J.C. Eiras was partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE – Operational Competitiveness Programme, and national funds through FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project “Pest-C/MAR/LA0015/2011. The authors thank National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for financial support to R. Y. Fujimoto (305195/2016-6), M.L. Martins (305869/2014-0) and CAPES/EMBRAPA (15/2014) for PhD scholarship to N.C. Sousa.

Triatomine Fauna and Recent Epidemiological Dynamics of Chagas Disease in an Endemic Area of Northeast Brazil

Updated information of the dispersion dynamics of Chagas disease (CD) and a systemic analysis of these data will aid the early identification of areas that are vulnerable to transmission and enable efficient intervention. This work synthesized spatiotemporal information regarding triatomine fauna and analyzed this information in combination with the results from serological tests to elucidate the epidemiological panorama of CD in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. This is a retrospective analytical study that utilized information from the database of the National Chagas Disease Control Program. Between 2010 and 2016, 838 triatomines of eight species, namely, Panstrongylus geniculatus, which was first recorded in the state of Sergipe, Panstrongylus lutzi, P. megistus, Triatoma brasiliensis, T. pseudomaculata, T. tibiamaculata, T. melanocephala, and Rhodnius neglectus, were collected. Optical microscopy revealed that 13.2% of triatomines examined were infected by Trypanosoma cruzi-like flagellates. The distribution of triatomines exhibits an expanding south-central to northern dispersion, with a preference for semiarid and agreste areas and occasional observations in humid coastal areas due to anthropogenic actions reflected in the environment. Of the human cases analyzed from 2012 to 2016, 8.3% (191/2316) presented positive serology for Trypanosoma cruzi, and this proportion showed a gradual increase in the southern center of the state and new notifications in coastal regions. There is a need for intensification and continuity of the measures adopted by the Chagas Disease Control Program in Sergipe, identifying new priority areas for intervention and preferential ecotopes of the vectors, considering the occurrence of positive triatomines intradomicilliary and a source of new triatomines in the peridomiciles.

Modelagem de indicadores para avaliar a sustentabilidade da pesca artesanal do entorno da Floresta Nacional do Ibura, nordeste do Brasil

O Brasil e detentor da maior biodiversidade do planeta, e nao pode se esquivar no tocante ao desenvolvimento de modelos de monitoramento relacionados a conservacao da natureza e uso sustentavel dos recursos naturais. Neste sentido esta pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de avaliacao de indicadores baseado na metodologia MESMIS (Marco para la Evaluacion de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidade) para sua utilizacao em nivel de comunidades de pescadores ou extrativistas relacionados com Unidades de Conservacao (UCs), tomando por base a comunidade de pescadores artesanais existente no entorno da Floresta Nacional do Ibura, Brasil. O MESMIS foi a base metodologica escolhida para desenvolvimento do modelo e avaliacao dos indicadores. A estatistica descritiva analisou censitariamente (N=100) os parâmetros minimos (MIN), medios (MED), desejaveis (P75), e maximos (MAX). O modelo resultante e composto por 14 indicadores de sustentabilidade, que atendem os atributos: (a) produtividade; (b) estabilidade, resiliencia e confiabilidade; (c) adaptabilidade; (d) equidade; (e) autogestao. E possivel concluir que existe viabilidade tecnica e matematica para desenvolvimento de modelos de avaliacao de sustentabilidade de sistemas baseado em indicadores. Ao serem analisados de forma complexa revelaram que a pesca artesanal desenvolvida no sistema analisado tem um Indice Relativo de Sustentabilidade (IRS) de 26%. Os resultados demonstraram ainda que e possivel alcancar um IRS=33% baseando-se na realidade local (P75).

Modeling of indicators for evaluation the sustainability of artisanal fishing in the surrounding of the National Forest Ibura, northeastern Brazil

Brazil is the holder of the greatest biodiversity on the planet, and can not shirk regarding the development of monitoring templates related to nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. In this sense, this research aimed to develop a model for evaluating indicators based on the methodology MESMIS (Marco para la Evaluacion de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidade) for use in its level of fishing communities or extractive related to protected areas, based on the existing community of fishermen in the surrounding National Forest Ibura, Brazil. The MESMIS the methodological basis was chosen for model development and evaluation indicators. Descriptive statistics analyzed censitariamente (N=100) with the minimum (MIN), medium (MED), desirable (P75), and maximum (MAX). The resulting model consists of 14 sustainability indicators that meet the attributes: (a) productivity, (b) stability, resilience and reliability, (c) adaptability, (d) equity, (e) self-management. It is possible to conclude that there is technical feasibility and to develop mathematical models of sustainability assessment systems based on indicators. When reviewed in complex revealed that artisanal fisheries developed in the analyzed system has a Relative Sustainability Index (IRS) of 26%. The results also demonstrated that it is possible to reach an IRS=33% based on the local situation (P75).