Rudiney Soares Pereira

Análise do uso da terra na microbacia do Arroio do Meio - Santa Maria - RS, por Sistema de Informações Geográficas e imagem de satélite

Geographic Information System (GIS) and satellite image were tested to analyze the current land use and automatic localization of areas where conflicts between present land use and land capability occurence, in Arroio do Meio watershed. Geoprocessing techniques map algebra, consultation database and image reclassification were used. The watershed object of this study was chosen because it is considered by many authors, the best unit for social and economic planning and development of population of rural areas. In the studied microbasin: 555ha was covered by forests (24% of the total area). Cultivated crops occupy 1.314ha, 56% of the microbasin. Glassland covers 184ha (8% of the total area). The flooded areas represent 11% of the area of the microbasin, with 265ha. The use of 31ha could not be detected with accuracy due to shadowing. In areas with steepness above 47%, 32ha were detected without forest cover, totalizing 1,4% of the area of the microbasin. With slopes above 30%, 71ha (3%), are used for agriculture. Areas with Phaeozems and leptosols (Ciriaco-Charrua mapping units) with slopes above 30% and without forest coverage performe 14ha (0,6%). Areas with conflict use reached only 5% of the total area, indicating that in most of the microbasin, the land is being used in agreement with its capability.

ESTIMATIVA DO VOLUME TOTAL DE MADEIRA EM ESPÉCIES DE EUCALIPTO A PARTIR DE IMAGENS DE SATÉLITE LANDSAT

Modelos relacionando respostas espectrais com parâmetros biofisicos visam estimar variaveis, tais como volume de madeira, sem a necessidade de avaliacoes constantes em campo. Objetivou-se desenvolver modelos estimadores de volume de madeira a partir de imagens TM do Landsat 5, com base em dados de inventario florestal regional. A imagem foi georreferenciada e convertida para imagem reflectância espectral. Em seguida, foram geradas as imagens indice NDVI (indice de vegetacao da diferenca normalizada) e SR (razao simples). Os valores das reflectâncias das bandas (TM1, TM2, TM3 e TM4) e dos indices (NDVI e SR) foram relacionados com os volumes de madeira. As maiores correlacoes com volume foram com os indices NDVI e SR. A selecao de variaveis foi feita pelo metodo Stepwise, o qual retornou tres modelos de regressao como significativos para explicar a variacao em volume. Por fim, selecionou-se o modelo com melhor ajuste (volume = -830,95 + 46,05 × (SR) + 107,47 × (TM2)), o qual foi aplicado sobre a imagem Landsat onde os pixels passaram a representar o volume estimado em m³/ha nas unidades de producao de Eucalyptus sp. Este modelo, significativo ao nivel de 95 % de confianca, explica 68 % da variacao de volume de madeira.

Digital classification assessment of forest stands in satellite images using accuracy indices

The use of forest raw products has increased significantly in the last decades. The search for high productivity has led to the introduction of exotic species, mainly Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. This work evaluated the precision of classification obtained from surveying forest implemented and natural stands in the region of the map area of Cachoeira do Sul - RS, using geoprocessing techniques, remote sensing, GIS (geographic information system) and GPS (global positioning system). It was verified that the area is occupied by natural vegetation (35.54%), Pinus sp. (1.89%) and Eucalyptus sp. (0.77%), with the following values precision in the supervised digital classification: Global precision (85.23%), Kappa (84.90%) and Tau (77.74%). It was concluded that the three accuracy indexes can be used, although Kappa and Tau were more consistent.

Uso do produto MOD13Q1 do sensor Modis para análise temporal e mapeamento das florestas nas Serras do Sudeste e Campanha Meridional do Rio Grande do Sul

The NDVI (Vegetation Index Normalized Difference) Modis sensor was used to map the classes of land use and land cover of Serras do Sudeste and Campanha Meridional of Rio Grande do Sul. The methodology included the development of a spatial database and the application of digital signal processing techniques (linear contrast, digital classification and arithmetic operations) on Landsat satellite images and Terra of various dates. The results show that forest cover increased from 8.6% to 11.6% and 14.3% of the total area of Serras do Sudeste, between the years 2000, 2004 and 2008. In the Campanha Meridional, the expansion of forest cover increased from 11.1% to 11.2% and 11.5% of the total area in the same period. It is concluded that images MOD13Q1, low spatial resolution (250m), may be used to make maps of forest and other land use properly, in extensive areas.

Dinâmica das áreas de floresta nativa no Rio Grande do Sul no período de 1988 a 2020

Land use patterns and the potential misuse of our planets natural resources have recently called the attention of an increasing worldwide number of studies in the area of scenario simulation. In this context, the present study aims at simulating the native forest scenario of the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, for the 2020, by locating and quantifying in a map the evolution of forest in this state. Land use patterns were classified based on satellite images from the years 1988, 1998 and 2007. The forest evolution map was cross-checked with several thematic maps of physical and human aspects and defined the Markov transition matrix and the evidence weights, both of which are requirements for the calibration of the stochastic model. The simulation of Rio Grande do Suls forest landscape for the year 2020 showed an increase of the native forest in almost all regions of the state, covering an area of more than 5,113km².

Geoprocessamento e sensoriamento remoto aplicados à análise de recursos florestais

This study presents a methodology for survey and analysis of the forestal resources of natural and implanted populating located in the topographic leaf SH.22Y-A, Cachoeira do Sul, RS, (Brazil) by using geoprocessing and remote sensing technics. For this purpose, the Geographic Information Systems, associated to satellite images, processed by digital classification and mathematics’ functions were used. In so doing data gathering and quantification of different thematic bases of the studied area. Variables and thematic bases eere accomplished the satellite images, assessed in the field and topographic maps and the geospacials crossings obtaining the land use, implanted species, taken area, besides the localization of the forest concerning slope, edaphic, hydrographic and road availability. Thus, these information obtained by comparing these variables, made it possible to analyze the forestal cover of the study area, supplying subsidy to the forestal resources management and the environmental preservation.

Uso de imagens orbitais no geoprocessamento algébrico da microrregião da Campanha Ocidental, Rio Grande do Sul

To analyze the temporal transformation of land cover and use in the microregion of Campanha Ocidental, Rio Grande do Sul state, a mosaic of LANDSAT 5 satellite images (Thematic Mapper sensor) covering the study region was used for the periods of 1985, 1996 and 2011. These images were processed and analyzed in SPRING 5.2.1 application, and the intersection of thematic maps was conducted with the aid of LEGAL (Spatial Language for Algebraic Geoprocessing) program. Agricultural and native areas were the classes that most influenced the changes in Land Use.

DINÂMICA DA COBERTURA FLORESTAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE CRISSIUMAL-RS DURANTE UM PERÍODO DE VINTE ANOS

The present study aims to assess the dynamics of forest cover in Crissiumal-RS, through remote sensing techniques. From the digital classification of satellite images from Landsat 5 TM sensor, between 1988 and 2008 were generated thematic maps use and land cover on the respective dates. These maps were later crossed through the Space for GIS Algebraic Language (LEGAL), which allowed determination of the following processes: maintaining forest, forest regeneration and deforestation. Among the main results is the increase in forest cover in 4756.33 ha and also the occurrence of 1508.04 ha of deforestation at the end of the period. The increase in forest cover may be combined with declining rural population and the abandonment of areas previously occupied by agriculture to comply with the law.

Espectrorradiometria na região do visível e do infravermelho próximo em povoamento de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

Leituras de reflectância em folhas de arvores de bordadura e de interior de um povoamento florestal de Eucalyptus grandis , no municipio de Sao Pedro das Missoes - RS, foram analisadas nas regioes do espectro eletromagnetico visivel e do infravermelho proximo, utilizando-se espectrorradiometria. A area foi dividida em duas partes: bordadura e centro do povoamento. Para a coleta de material, a copa das arvores foi dividida em tres partes (superior, media e inferior), de forma a diferenciar as posicoes de coleta de folhas, em cada uma das areas. Foram amostradas tres arvores em cada area, totalizando seis arvores, sendo que para cada arvore foram coletadas 60 folhas isoladas, 20 em cada posicao. As leituras de reflectância foram realizadas atraves do espectrorradiometro FieldSpec®3 e os resultados finais foram segmentados nas bandas espectrais do visivel e do infravermelho proximo. A analise estatistica valeu-se do teste Tukey HSD, para comparacao das medias da regiao do visivel, que de acordo com a ANOVA apresentaram diferencas significativas. Conclui-se que as classes indicadas de coleta de folhas para analise espectrorradiometrica na regiao do visivel sao preferencialmente a 5 (arvore de centro, leitura na parte mediana) e a 3 (arvore de bordadura, leitura parte superior).

Uso, ocupação das terras e banco de dados geográficos da metade sul do Rio Grande do Sul

Geographical data base consist in an important reference for the territorial planning, mainly when the available regional information are restricted. This study objectified to quantify and evaluate the land use and occupation of 35 municipalities of the South of the Rio Grande do Sul state. Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing techniques were utilized to classify digital image of the Landsat satellite. Geographical data base were elaborated with concerning information the classes of use and land occupation (natural and cultivated pastures, natural forest, reforestation, swampy and drenched, dunes and sand, water, agriculture, uncover soil and urban areas). The data were analyzed by municipality and integrated in form of public instruments of territorial magement the for the Regional Committee of development of the South Region, for the Municipalities Association of the South Zone of the RS State and for the Lagoa Mirim Water Basin. Pastures and agriculture were the classes most expressive and corresponded 83% of the average securities of the municipalities, being the other classes less expressive (<5%). Spatial analysis data and the information generated make possible the understanding of the occupational dynamics and subsidize the ordenation of the geographical space and the sustainable development of the region.