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Colorectal Disease | 2006

Aetiology and surgical management of toxic megacolon

Christoph A. Ausch; Robert D. Madoff; Michael Gnant; Harald R. Rosen; Julio Garcia-Aguilar; Nikolaus Hölbling; F. Herbst; V. Buxhofer; Barbara Holzer; David A. Rothenberger; Rudolf Schiessel

Objective  The purpose of this article is to review the surgical management and outcome of toxic megacolon and to update the aetiology of toxic megacolon.


Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1987

Die Organerweiterung bei der Resektion colorectaler Carcinome

G. Reiner; Bela Teleky; M. Wunderlich; Rudolf Schiessel

SummaryBetweeen 1965 and 1984 in 215 patients with colorectal cancer an extended resection was performed due to invasion of adjacent organs. 158 patients were operated on primary and 57 patients on recurrent tumors. Most of the tumors were localized in the sigma and the rectum and therefore about 77% of the resected organs derived from the urogenital tract. 55% of the resected organs proved to be infiltrated histologically by the tumor. In 71% of the patients at least one organ was histologically infiltrated. Postoperative complications were observed in 26%. The mortality was 12%. In the period between 1978 and 1984 the mortality rate was decreased to 7.6%. The prognosis was independent of the localization of the primary tumor and of the number of resected organs. Infiltration of adjacent organs by the tumor was of significant prognostic value. The low perioperative mortality and the reasonable 5 year-overall survival (35%) are encouraging and tumor penetration should not be the reason for inoperability.ZusammenfassungZwischen 1965 und 1984 wurden 215 Patienten wegen Coloncarcinoms organerweitert operiert. Bei 158 Patienten lag ein Primärtumor, bei 57 Patienten ein Rezidiv vor. 77% der mitentfernten Organe oder Organteile entstammten dem Urogenitaltrakt, entsprechend der Häufigkeit der Lokalisation des Primärtumors im Sigma-Rectumbereich. Bei der histologischen Untersuchung waren 55% der entfernten Organe bzw. bei 71% der Patienten mindestens ein Organ tumorös infiltriert. Die Komplikationsrate lag bei 26%, die Letalität bei 12%. Im Zeitraum 1978–1984 konnte die Letalität auf 7,6% gesenkt werden. Die Prognose war von der Lokalisation des Primärtumors oder der Anzahl der mitentfernten Organe unabhängig. Patienten mit histologisch nachgewiesener Tumorinfiltration der entfernten Organe hatten jedoch eine schlechtere Prognose als Patienten, bei denen histologisch keine Tumorinfiltration nachgewiesen werden konnte. Auf Grund der niedrigen Operationsletalität und der akzeptablen Überlebensraten sollte die lokale Tumorpenetration beim colorectalen Carcinom nicht als Inoperabilitätskriterium angesehen werden.


Colorectal Disease | 2006

Patients' expectations of colorectal surgery for cancer.

Barbara Holzer; A. Gyasi; Rudolf Schiessel; Harald R. Rosen

Objective  The primary objectives of surgery for colorectal cancer are to achieve radical resection of the tumour and to ensure a satisfactory quality of life for the patient. But what is satisfactory quality of life for the patients? What do patients desire? The goal of our exploratory investigation was to evaluate prospectively the patient pre‐operative expectations as objectively as possible and to analyse results in relation to age, gender and socio‐economic status.


Langenbecks Archiv f�r Chirurgie | 1989

Prognostische Faktoren für das Überleben bei perforierter Colondiverticulitis

Th. Pratschner; K. Pecoraro; Michael Schemper; Rudolf Schiessel

In a retrospective study we attempted to find prognostic factors for the mortality in perforated colonic diverticulitis. All patients of the First Surgical Department of Vienna University from 1965-1986 with complicated diverticulitis were included in this study. 47 patients had a perforated diverticulitis with a local abscess or a generalized peritonitis. In 35 patients a resection, in 12 patients a faecal diversion was performed. The mortality was 27%. A marked influence of age and preoperative complications on the prognosis was shown statistically. The operative procedure seems of secondary importance for operative mortality.SummaryIn a retrospective study we attempted to find prognostic factors for the mortality in perforated colonic diverticulitis. All patients of the First Surgical Department of Vienna University from 1965–1986 with complicated diverticulitis were included in this study. 47 patients had a perforated diverticulitis with a local abscess or a generalized peritonitis. In 35 patients a resection, in 12 patients a faecal diversion was performed. The mortality was 27%. A marked influence of age and preoperative complications on the prognosis was shown statistically. The operative procedure seems of secondary importance for operative mortality.ZusammenfassungIn einer retrospektiven Studie wurde versucht, prognostische Faktoren für die Mortalität der perforierten Colondiverticulitis zu finden. Alle Patienten der I. Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Wien von 1965–1986 mit komplizieter Diverticulitis wurden erfaßt. 47 Patienten hatten eine Divertikelperforation mit lokalem Abscess oder diffuser Peritonitis. Bei 35 Patienten wurde eine Resektion, bei 12 Patienten eine stuhlableitende Operation durchgeführt. Die Gesamtmortalität war 27%. In der statistischen Auswertung zeigte sich ein deutlicher Einfluß von Alter und präoperativen Organkomplikationen auf die Prognose. Das Operationsverfahren hat offenbar nur eine sekundäre Bedeutung für die Mortalität.


Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1986

Sphincterfunktion nach coloanaler Anastomose

M. Wunderlich; Bela Teleky; Rudolf Schiessel

SummaryThe effect of coloanal anastomosis (CAA) on the function of the anal sphincters was assessed in 27 cases by interview, sphincter manometry and a retention test. During an observation period of 3–12 months after closure of colostomy, the percentage of patients with perfect continence increased from 50 to 80%, of those with solid stool consistency from 30 to 90% and of those with solid stool consisteny from 30 to 90% and of those with less than 5 b.o./day from 30 to 80%. The operation resulted in a significant reduction of the length of the anal canal from 4.0 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.2 cm (P < 0.001) and a significant reduction of the resting tone from 85.5 ± 7.9 to 30.3 ± 6.1 cm H2O (P < 0.001). The contraction pressure was hardly influenced, the recto-anal inhibition reflex was temporarily lost. Minute preoperative assessment of a normal sphincter function with anal manometry is an essential prerequisite for the evaluation of the indication for a CAA.ZusammenfassungDie Sphincterfunktion nach coloanaler Anastomose wurde in 27 Fällen durch Kontinenzanamnese, Sphinctermanometrie und Retentionstest untersucht. In einem Beobachtungszeitraum von 3 bis 12 Monaten nach dem Colostomieverschluß stieg der Anteil von Patienten mit vollständiger Kontinenz von 50 auf 80%, von jenen mit fester Stuhlkonsistenz von 30 auf 90% und von jenen mit weniger als 5 Defäkationen/Tag von 30 auf 80%. Die Operation bewirkte eine signifikante Verkürzung des Analkanals von 4,0 ± 0,3 auf 1,7 ± 0,2 cm (p < 0,001) und eine signifikante Reduktion des Ruhedrucks von 85,5 ± 7,9 auf 30,3 ± 6,1 cm H2O (p < 0,001). Der Kontraktionsdruck wurde nicht wesentlich beeinträchtigt, der rectoanale Reflex ging temporär verloren. Wesentliche Voraussetzung zur Indikationsstellung der KAA ist eine durch präoperative Sphincterdiagnostik objektivierte normale Funktion des analen Schließmuskelapparates.The effect of colo-anal anastomosis (CAA) on the function of the anal sphincters was assessed in 27 cases by interview, sphincter manometry and a retention test. During an observation period of 3-12 months after closure of colostomy, the percentage of patients with perfect continence increased from 50 to 80%, of those with solid stool consistency from 30 to 90% and of those with solid stool consistency from 30 to 90% and of those with less than 5 b.o./day from 30 to 80%. The operation resulted in a significant reduction of the length of the anal canal from 4.0 +/- 0.3 to 1.7 +/- 0.2 cm (p less than 0.001) and a significant reduction of the resting tone from 85.5 +/- 7.9 to 30.3 +/- 6.1 cm H2O (p less than 0.001). The contraction pressure was hardly influenced, the recto-anal inhibition reflex was temporarily lost. Minute preoperative assessment of a normal sphincter function with anal manometry is an essential prerequisite for the evaluation of the indication for a CAA.


Breast Cancer Research and Treatment | 1996

Immunosuppression by breast cancer associated p43-effect of immunomodulators

Harald R. Rosen; Christoph Ausch; G. Reiner; Martha Reinerova; Jurai Svec; Heinz Tüchler; Rudolf Schiessel; C. Moroz

SummaryIt has been previously shown that p43 — a breast cancer associated antigen — has immunosuppressive properties. The present study was carried out in order to elucidate the pathomechanisms of immunosuppression in breast cancer patients influenced by the expression of p43. Lymphocytes were cultured from blood of 29 women with benign lesions in the breast as well as from 41 female patients with breast cancer. Lymphocyte stimulation was performed by addition of Concanavalin (Con A) in cultures with lymphocytes alone (CONLYM) or in lymphocytes incubated with p43 (CONAg). In other series immunomodulation was tried by addition of indomethacin (INDLYM, INDAg), levamisole (LEVLYM, LEVAg), or interleukin-2 (ILLYM, ILAG). In breast cancer patients, addition of p43 significantly inhibited the activation of lymphocyte proliferation by Con A compared to women with benign tumors. The addition of indomethacin or levamisole did not influence this inhibitory effect of p43 in breast cancer patients. Contrary to these observations, addition of IL-2 resulted in increased proliferation of lymphocytes from patients with benign as well as malignant tumors, which was inhibited after addition of p43. Analysis of the correlation of the immunosuppressive properties of p43 in correlation with prognostic factors for breast cancer showed evidence for a stronger activity of p43 in early stage tumors (i.e. smaller than 2 cm, lymph node negative, histologic grading GI), confirming previous observations of a higher expression of p43 in early stages of breast cancer.


Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1992

Ergebnisse der selektiv proximalen vagotomie nach 13 Jahren

Friedrich Herbst; Gruber E; Th. Pratschner; Rudolf Schiessel

SummaryThis study reports the long-term results of 216 patients after highly selective vagotomy (HSV) for duodenal ulcers operated from 1970 through 1978 with a mean follow-up of 12.8 years (8.3–15). 26 patients developed symptomatic ulcer recurrences (12%) within 4 to 135 months following surgery, the cumulative recurrence rate (Kaplan-Meier) at 13 years was 20.3%. Acidity analyses showed a postoperative mean reduction of basal acid output (BAO) and maximal acid output (MAO) values of 80.7 % and 74.8 % respectively with no differences according to recurrences. The risk of recurrence was similar for duodenal (22/194) and pyloric ulcers (4/22) and no differences were found with respect to sex, additional drainage procedure, smoking habits, acute or elective operation and first or recurrent ulcers. Risk was slightly higher for complicated ulcers (p ≤ 0.07), but without reaching statistical significance. 78.5% of patients showed (very) good results (Visick I or II), only 6% were Visick III. HSV is therefore regarded as a valuable therapeutic measure for the treatment of duodenal ulcer independent of patient compliance.ZusammenfassungEs wird über die Langzeitergebnisse von 216 Patienten berichtet, bei denen zwischen 1970 und 1978 wegen eines Ulcus duodeni eine selektiv proximale Vagotomie (SPV) vorgenommen wurde. Die mittlere Nachbeobachtungszeit beträgt 12,8 Jahre (8,3–15). 26 Patienten erlitten ein symptomatisches Ulkusrezidiv (12%)4–135 Monate postoperativ, die kumulative Rezidivrate beträgt 20,3 % nach 13 Jahren (Kaplan-Meier). Säuresekretionsmessungen ergaben eine mittlere Reduktion der basalen (BAO) und mittleren stimulierten Sekretionswerte (MAO) von 80,7 bzw. 74,8 % ohne Unterschiede zwischen Patienten mit und ohne Rezidiv. Das Rezidivrisiko war für Ulcus duodeni (22 von 194) und pylorische Geschwüre (4 von 22) vergleichbar, ebenso fanden sich keine Unterschiede bezüglich dem Geschlecht, einer zusätzlichen Drainage-Operation, dem Rauchverhalten, akuter oder elektiver Operation und erstem oder Rezidivgeschwür. Nach der Operation komplizierter Ulzera war das Rezidivrisiko tendentiell höher (p ≤ 0,07). 78,5% der Patienten erreichten ein (sehr) gutes funktionelles Langzeitergebnis (Visick I oder II), nur 6% mußten als Visick III eingestuft werden. Die SPV kann daher als ein ungeachtet der Patienten-Compliance wirksames und wertvolles Therapieverfahren zur Behandlung des Ulcus duodeni erachtet werden.


Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1985

87. Indikationen und Ergebnisse der coloanalen Anastomose

Rudolf Schiessel; M. Wunderlich; J. Hanusch

SummaryFrom 1982–1985 we performed 40 coloanal anastomoses. Indications were: tumor 30, radiation injury 8, postoperative rectal stricture 2. The distance ab ano was 6.4 ± 1.5 cm for the tumors. The functional result is satisfactory for all patients after a median observation time of 17 months, although the frequency of bowel movements is up to 10/day during the first months postoperatively. Within one year a significant reduction was observed. Manometry showed a reduction of the basal and contraction pressure, internus relaxation was missing in most patients.ZusammenfassungVon 1982 bis 1985 wurden 40 coloanale Ànastomosen durchgeführt. Indikationen waren: Tumor 30mal, Strahlenschaden 8mal, postoperative Stenose nach vorderer Resektion 2mal. Bei den Tumoren betrug der durchschnittliche Abstand ab ano 6,4 ± 1,5 cm. Bei einer medianen Beobachtungszeit von 17 Monaten ist das funktionelle Ergebnis für alle Patienten befriedigend, allerdings besteht in den ersten drei Monaten beim Großteil der Patienten eine erhöhte Stuhlfrequenz mit bis zu 10 pro die. Im Laufe eines Jahres kommt es zu einer weitgehenden Normalisierung. Die Manometrie zeigt in den ersten Monaten postoperativ eine Reduktion von Ruheund Kontraktionsdruck sowie eine fehlende Internusrelaxation bei den meisten Patienten.


Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery | 1986

[Sphincter function following colo-anal anastomosis].

M. Wunderlich; Bela Teleky; Rudolf Schiessel

SummaryThe effect of coloanal anastomosis (CAA) on the function of the anal sphincters was assessed in 27 cases by interview, sphincter manometry and a retention test. During an observation period of 3–12 months after closure of colostomy, the percentage of patients with perfect continence increased from 50 to 80%, of those with solid stool consistency from 30 to 90% and of those with solid stool consisteny from 30 to 90% and of those with less than 5 b.o./day from 30 to 80%. The operation resulted in a significant reduction of the length of the anal canal from 4.0 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.2 cm (P < 0.001) and a significant reduction of the resting tone from 85.5 ± 7.9 to 30.3 ± 6.1 cm H2O (P < 0.001). The contraction pressure was hardly influenced, the recto-anal inhibition reflex was temporarily lost. Minute preoperative assessment of a normal sphincter function with anal manometry is an essential prerequisite for the evaluation of the indication for a CAA.ZusammenfassungDie Sphincterfunktion nach coloanaler Anastomose wurde in 27 Fällen durch Kontinenzanamnese, Sphinctermanometrie und Retentionstest untersucht. In einem Beobachtungszeitraum von 3 bis 12 Monaten nach dem Colostomieverschluß stieg der Anteil von Patienten mit vollständiger Kontinenz von 50 auf 80%, von jenen mit fester Stuhlkonsistenz von 30 auf 90% und von jenen mit weniger als 5 Defäkationen/Tag von 30 auf 80%. Die Operation bewirkte eine signifikante Verkürzung des Analkanals von 4,0 ± 0,3 auf 1,7 ± 0,2 cm (p < 0,001) und eine signifikante Reduktion des Ruhedrucks von 85,5 ± 7,9 auf 30,3 ± 6,1 cm H2O (p < 0,001). Der Kontraktionsdruck wurde nicht wesentlich beeinträchtigt, der rectoanale Reflex ging temporär verloren. Wesentliche Voraussetzung zur Indikationsstellung der KAA ist eine durch präoperative Sphincterdiagnostik objektivierte normale Funktion des analen Schließmuskelapparates.The effect of colo-anal anastomosis (CAA) on the function of the anal sphincters was assessed in 27 cases by interview, sphincter manometry and a retention test. During an observation period of 3-12 months after closure of colostomy, the percentage of patients with perfect continence increased from 50 to 80%, of those with solid stool consistency from 30 to 90% and of those with solid stool consistency from 30 to 90% and of those with less than 5 b.o./day from 30 to 80%. The operation resulted in a significant reduction of the length of the anal canal from 4.0 +/- 0.3 to 1.7 +/- 0.2 cm (p less than 0.001) and a significant reduction of the resting tone from 85.5 +/- 7.9 to 30.3 +/- 6.1 cm H2O (p less than 0.001). The contraction pressure was hardly influenced, the recto-anal inhibition reflex was temporarily lost. Minute preoperative assessment of a normal sphincter function with anal manometry is an essential prerequisite for the evaluation of the indication for a CAA.


Cancer Letters | 1994

Downregulation of lymphocyte mitogenesis by breast cancer-associated p43

Harald R. Rosen; Christoph Ausch; G. Reiner; Marta Reinerova; Jurai Svec; Heinz Tüchler; Rudolf Schiessel; C. Moroz

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Bela Teleky

Medical University of Vienna

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Michael Schemper

Medical University of Vienna

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Barbara Holzer

Medical University of Vienna

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Christoph Ausch

Medical University of Vienna

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Jurai Svec

Slovak Academy of Sciences

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F. Herbst

Medical University of Vienna

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Michael Gnant

Medical University of Vienna

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