Ruhyat Partasasmita

Leunca (Solanum americanum Mill.): The uses as vegetable in two villages in Upper Citarum Area, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Pranoto, Rosariastuti R, Prihandoko A. 2018. Short Communication: The utilization and effectiveness test of andisol soil-bioball-Agrobacterium sp. toward heavy metal chrome removal. Biodiversitas 19: 1955-1959. This study was aimed to determine chrome metal adsorption and bioremediation ability using andisol soil, bioball, and Agrobacterium sp. The andisol soil characterization was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared Analyzer (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA) while the cell quantity of Agrobacterium sp. was calculated by hemocytometer method. Determination of adsorption and bioremediation effectiveness was done using several parameters such as effect of pH solution, ratio variation of andisol soil-bio ball-Agrobacterium sp, and contact time. The pH variation was ranged from 1-6, while the composition variation of andisol-bioball-Agrobacterium sp. were 2: 0: 0, 1, 5: 1: 5, 1: 2: 10, 0, 5: 3: 15, and 0: 4: 20 (gr: item: mL), and contact time of 30,60,90,120, and 150 minutes. The result of this research shows that the optimum adsorption and bioremediation of Cr metal at pH 5, while the optimum ratio of andisol soil-bioball-Agrobacterium sp was 1, 5: 1: 5 (gr: item: mL), with the contact time for 120 minutes with Cr decrease percentage of 71.3%. The adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm.

Frugivorous bird characteristic of seed disperser in shrubland tropical forest West Java, Indonesia

Partasasmita R, Mardiastuti A, Solihin DD, Widjajakusumah R, Prijono SN. 2016. Frugivorous bird characteristic of seed disperser in shrubland tropical forest. Biodiversitas 18: 263-268. Java has been experiencing a heavy deforestation in the 16 century. Combined with a densely human population, most forests have changed into open land with shrubs and secondary vegetation. For examples Bulbul, flowerpecker and White-eye are three large groups of frugivorous birds and has been known as an effective seed dispersal agent and fostering vegetation recovery. However, variations in the use of fruit by fruit-eating birds very closely linked to the characteristic morphology and feeding behavior. The proportion of fruit in the diet probably varies widely between species, but, for all the best-studied species, fruit it at last seasonally dominant. It is highly frugivorous, particularly in wet season, and consumes the full range of fruit types within it’s gave limit, defecating (or, sometimes regurgitating) all seeds intact. According to the some reference that fruit consumers such as Bulbuls, Flowerpeckers, and White-eyes are some time is called seed dispersal. But there is no information on seed fate. So, this paper describes the frugivorous bird characteristic of seed disperser shrubland tropical forest at Panaruban, Subang. West Java, Indonesia. Observation of frugivorous bird’s communities was used by capture-recapture method. The frugivorous bird morphology characteristic was measured which consisted of external morphology and digest system morphology. The result shown that frugivorous birds had gape width-height ratio of ≥ 0.90. Frugivorous bird thin-walled gizzard relationship with gizzard weight to determine safety of seed exit with feces in a state of is intact. There was strong interaction between frugivorous bird-fruit by gape widthheight and fruit diameter.