Rukiye Dagalp

Age determination from central incisors of fetuses and infants.

Age at time of death for a fetus or infant is an important issue in the field of forensic science. Dental development can give an accurate measure of infant and fetal age and current literature does not include any studies of dental age from central incisor development. The objective of this study is to determine the age of deceased fetuses and infants by examining metric tooth development of central incisors in deceased fetuses and infants. Five dimensions of 76 maxillary and mandibular central incisors were measured: mesio-distal (MD), bucco-lingual (BL), crown height (CH), crown thickness (CT), and root height (RH). The results showed that 44.45+/-0-2 weeks is a sectional time for age calculations, which corresponds to 40 weeks from conception plus 4 to 5 weeks after birth. Four ATA entitled age formulas are derived to give the relation of age with tooth dimensions before and after 44.45 weeks [ATA is the special name given to the honor of the great Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938)]. Age estimation can be calculated from these formulas with an accuracy of the age +/-0-2 weeks. Also, calcification time can be determined from ATA formulas. In conclusion, the age of fetuses and infants can be assessed by the measurements of a single central incisor. According to this research, when estimating age during identification studies, forensic researchers must take into consideration the period of embryonic human growth and development.

Neonatal line on fetus and infant teeth: An indicator of live birth and mode of delivery.

BACKGROUND The neonatal line (NL) is an important issue in forensic odontology. It is the sign of a developmental birth defect, which is caused by the effect of metabolic stress on tooth structures when the fetus passes to extrauterine life. AIMS The aim of this research is to determine the existence and thickness of NL in teeth, as it is a legal necessity to indicate the signs of viability at birth in a forensic examination of a fetus or infant case. STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS This research was conducted on 48 lower left and right lateral teeth, which were taken from 24 autopsy cases (46% female and 54% male). Left lateral teeth were sectioned in a vertical plane and right lateral teeth were sectioned in a horizontal plane. The NL thickness was measured with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). These cases comprised three conditions as: 70.3% normal birth, 16.7% caesarean sections, and 12.5% still birth cases under the legal and ethical permission. OUTCOME MEASURES The mean NL thickness of normal birth cases was higher than caesarean cases as 7.7μm and 2.5μm, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The results showed a statistical significance between all birth conditions. NL does not exist in still birth cases (p<0.001). Not only is the presence of NL a sign of live birth, but also its thickness is an indicator of the delivery mode where NL thickness of normal birth was found thicker than the caesarean cases.

Age estimation from primary teeth through virtual dental identification

Dental identification from tooth structures can offer a major contribution to forensic science in oral autopsy procedures. Recently, digital virtual examinations have been preferred instead of traditional operations. The aim of this research is to estimate the chronological age from primary teeth using computerised tomography images and to determine the best measurement from the axes of these images. This study was conducted on the dental images of 28 patients of known age (1–195 weeks) using the central teeth measurements that can be displayed on the two image axes. The results show that virtual dental identification from computerised tomography images is a reliable method. The best measurements for age estimation can be obtained from the longest vertical dimension in the sagittal plane, which is the tooth height (R2 =  96.4). Additionally, the best age estimation formula was generated from the tooth height with labio-lingual measurement (R2 = 98.1), where the margin of error of the mean predicted value was equal to ± 1.07 weeks. This age estimation formula can be applied up to two years of age, which is the completion of upper central primary tooth development. In conclusion, virtual dental identification procedures can be applied in cases of forensic odontology investigations.

Primary Tooth Development in Infancy : A Text and Atlas

Human Dentition and Notation Human Dentition Dental Development Dental Structures Functions of Dental Structures Dental Discrimination, Notation and Recording Photographing and Measuring Techniques for Dental Evidence Forensic Importance of Dental Evidence Scaling for Dental Evidences During Photographing Photographing Technique for Dental Evidence Measuring Techniques for Dental Evidence Morphology and Development of Primary Dentition Discrimination of Dentition Morphology of Primary Dentition The Development of the Primary Dentition Dental Identification and Age Estimation from Teeth Achieving Dental Evidence from Oral Autopsy Identification from Teeth Age Estimation Software APPENDIX Abbreviations Glossary Index

Novel Inhibitors of Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activators: 4-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)-N-Substituted Benzamide and Benzamidine Compounds

BACKGROUND & METHOD In this ongoing research, it is aimed to investigate the synthesis, structure identification and effects on urokinase-type plasminogen activators (uPA) and its receptor levels of 4-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)-N-substituted benzamide and benzamidine derivatives. uPA levels obtained from 4b and 7d administration were similar to 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) for colorectal carcinoma cells (p<0.05). 4b and 7d significantly reduced uPAR (urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor) levels on both cell lines (p<0.05). CONCLUSION uPAR levels obtaining from 4b and 7d administration were similar to 5-FU for both cell lines colorectal (Colo205, CCL-222) and hepatocellular (HepG2, CCL-23) carcinoma cells (p<0.05).

Determination of Heavy Metals in Almonds and Mistletoe as a Parasite Growing on the Almond Tree Using ICP-OES or ICP-MS

In this study, the elements of Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, Pb, Ti, and Zn were determined in the leaves, fruits, and branches of mistletoe, (Viscum albüm L.), used as a medicinal plant, and in the leaves, branches and barks of almond tree which mistletoe grows on. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the mistletoe are more absorbent than the almond tree in terms of the heavy metal contents and the determination of the amount of the elements penetrated into the mistletoe from the almond tree. ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) was used for the analysis of As, Cd, Mo, and Pb, whereas ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry) was used for the other elements. The results obtained were statistically evaluated at 95% confidence level. Within the results obtained in this study, it was determined whether there is a significant difference between metal elements in almond tree and mistletoe, or not. As a result, it was observed that there were higher contents of B, Ba, K, Mg, and Zn in the mistletoe than in the almond tree. K was found much higher than other elements in the mistletoe. On the other hand, Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Sr, Pb, and Ti contents were determined to be more in almond tree than mistletoe.

Randomness and Chaos

The primary goal of this study is to remind, emphasize and revive the ideas of C. Radhakrishna Rao, inscribed in his words “Chance deals with order in disorder while chaos deals with disorder in order”. We will focus upon some concepts such as randomness, probability measure, chaos, fractals, random sequences and complexity. Deterministic phenomena need and use mathematics, stochastic phenomena need and use statistics, at least probability theory, as a modeling device. Analysis of measurements always need statistics. Modeling of some natural phenomena need fractional calculus. Fractional calculus nor stochastic calculus will be used.