Rully Damayanti

KAWASAN "PUSAT KOTA" DALAM PERKEMBANGAN SEJARAH PERKOTAAN DI JAWA

It has been realized that culture has an important role in formation of settlement spatial structure. The people who highly related to culture such in Bali, in macro context, settlement spatial structure is determined by cosmic system performed by symbolism of sacred mountain and sea as profane area. In the micro scale, it is manifested in the distribution of space in house yard, therefore it is permanently defined. On the other context, settlement spatial structure can also be shown by observing ritual and religious activities. These activities are routinely conducted, and it the usage of space are not permanent, then the structure of space will be temporary. Sasaknese in Lombok island are strongly embraced to their culture in relation with their settlement arrangement, others are performed in life cycle and religious activities. By observing Sasaknese culture, we would be able to understand the settlement spatial structure. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Sejak lama disadari bahwa budaya memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam membentuk struktur ruang permukiman. Pada masyarakat yang teguh memegang budaya seperti di Bali misalnya, struktur ruang permukiman secara makro sangat ditentukan oleh sistem kosmis yang diwujudkan melalui simbolisme gunung sebagai sakral dan laut sebagai profane, sedang pada skala mikro nampak pada pembagian ruang permukiman, dan dapat dikatakan bersifat tetap. Penggambaran struktur ruang permukiman juga dapat dilihat dari sisi budaya lain seperti pada pelaksanaan ritual dan acara keagamaan. Acara ini bersifat rutin akan tetapi ruang yang digunakan tidak semata untuk ritual saja, sehingga strukturnya juga nampak temporal. Masyarakat Sasak di Pulau Lombok juga sangat terkait dengan budaya dalam menata ruang permukimannya, ataupun pada ritual daur hidup dan berbagai acara keagamaan. Melalui kajian ini dapat dilihat adanya pembentukan struktur ruang permukiman berbasis budaya Sasak. Kata kunci: struktur ruang, budaya, dan Sasak.

Examining spatial identity of kampungs through young adults’ perception in Surabaya – Indonesia

Spatial identity is a result of a connection between people, physical elements of places, and activities associated with them. The development of identity occurs through the psychological process place attachment. This article is based on a research project that observed the spatial identity of young adults living in kampungs (urban villages), in Surabaya city. The young adults are faced with the contrast of a two-sided modernity between the kampungs and the city, which affects their attachment. The study of place attachment has been undertaken through an observation of social life of the participants and spatial perception. Through this study of spatial identity not only physical characteristics were identified, but also social characteristics. This is due to physical conditions of space and social interactions in these spaces are intertwined. The study found that the identity with the strongest attachment is related to social behaviour of the young adults but which is not recognised by current planning strategies. This study of spatial identity is suggesting that policy changes are needed to improve spatial environment of the kampungs.

‘Kampung Kota’ as Third Space in an Urban Setting: The Case Study of Surabaya, Indonesia

Lefebvre (The production of space. Blackwell Publishing, Victoria, 1974), Bhabha (The location of culture. Routledge, London, 1994) and Soja (Thirdspace; journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined places. Blackwell Publisher, Oxford, 1996), classify the condition of urban marginality as a ‘Third Space’, which is an expression of the ambivalent reality of urban wealth in a city. Marginality in urban settings is represented through urban slums, a phenomenon that is usually driven by poverty and the unregulated occupation of urban space, which most cities in the East face. The chapter will compare approaches of First and Second Space related to the creation of ‘Third Space’, especially the notion of the ‘Third Space’ through the inner-city village of ‘Kampung Kota’ in Surabaya . It is neither a real slum nor is it regarded a poor area; the houses are permanently built and have legal ownership or tenant documents. Although located in the centre of Surabaya ‘Kampung Kota’ exists between urban and rural, hence alluding to the notion of the hybridization of the social, as characterised by the ‘Third Space’. While the existence of ‘Kampung Kota’ brings benefits the city (it is the home of service industry workers mostly working in the central city area) it is also under constant threat as the location has high land value leading to ongoing negotiations and insecurity for the residents. The chapter also explores threats to and the possible prospects for ‘Kampung Kota’.

INDUSTRIAL PLANNING IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES On the role of informal sector in urban context

We have applied the lattice gas method with using Pascal program language. Some 2-D building models have been implemented in the simulation. The results showed that this method could be used and reliable for studying behavior of airflow pattern in buildings having wide openings. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Kode simulasi numerik dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Pascal dan menerapkan metode Gas Dalam Jaringan (littice gas method) telah dibuat. Beberapa obyek berupa bangunan 2-D (daerah dan potongan) telah diaplikasikan dalam simulasi ini. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan metode ini dapat digunakan untuk mempelajari pola aliran udara pada bangunan dengan bukaan lebar, secara kualitatif. Kata kunci: Metode gas dalam jaringan, simulasi, pola aliran udara..On the early 20 th century, at the colonialitation era, many architect wrote and published there writings at the journal in Java. But, infact, these writing is not much studied from architectural history in Indonesia, instead as supported information to introduce their work in architecture. The Maclaine Pont publication mostly known at the journal on the 1916-1936 in Java. Where, Hindia people was struggling to promote their identity as developed nation. This paper places the thinking of architect Maclaine Pont in the context of similar era to draw the participation of architecture of Maclaine Pont in the dominant circumtances on that era. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Pada masa kolonialisasi di awal abad XX banyak arsitek yang menulis dan menerbitkan pemikirannya di media massa. Namun pada kenyataannya tulisan-tulisan itu kurang banyak dikaji dalam sejarah arsitektur di Indonesia selain sebagai informasi pendukung dalam membantu memerikan karya bangunannya. Publikasi pemikiran Maclaine Pont diketahui seluruhnya terbit di media massa di Jawa dalam kurun waktu 1916-1936. Masa ketika masyarakat Hindia tengah bergolak dalam menyemaikan benih-benih identitasnya sebagai bangsa yang mandiri. Esai ini ingin menempatkan publikasi pemikiran arsitek Henri Maclaine Pont itu ke dalam konteks distribusi wacana sejaman untuk memberi gambaran mengenai partisipasi wacana arsitektur Maclaine Pont dalam wacana yang tengah dominan di sana. Kata kunci: wacana kolonial, wacana arsitektur, pengetahuan/kekuasaan.