Ruth Johnston

The concept of the marginal man: A refinement of the term.

A careful analysis of the phenomenon of marginality leads to the conclusion that in fact there exist two separate theories of the ’marginal man’. One of the theories is represented by Stonequist ( 193s; 1937) and it is a psychological theory per .se. The other, suggested by Dickie-Clark (1966) is, within its terms of reference, a sociological theory, concentrating in the main on the social situation in which a person becomes marginal. It is contended here that neither of these two theories taken separately is adequate for the explanation of marginality, but that the fusion of these theories provides a better basis for advancing the theoretical implications of the term. Stonequist, for example, concentrates his attention on the feelings and attitudes of the marginal person which culminate in a state of self-depreciation, inferiority and withdrawal. In the author’s words, marginality ... ’consists of an inner strain and malaise. a feeling of isolation, of not quite belonging’ (Stonequist, 1937: 20 i).

Some Characteristics of Workers in the Building Industry—Perth, Western Australia

were graduates and engaged otherwise in other full-time work. Only members of the Building Workers’ Industrial Union of Australia were included and up-to-date lists of their names and addresses were supplied by the union secretary. A sample of 190 men was obtained by selecting every 25th worker from a total of 4,761 union members. Immigrants formed 59 per cent of the sample and Australian-born workers the rest. Nearly 60 per cent of the immigrants came from the United Kingdom, 10 per cent came from Italy, Yugoslavs and Dutchmen made up 4 per cent each, and the rest were comprised of Spaniards, Germans, Americans, and immigrants of Macedonia, Malta, Poland, South Africa, Hungary, Austria, Latvia and the Ukraine.

Western Australian Employers' Attitudes To Immigrant Workers

The work of Shuval appears to provide some direct evidence for the first hypothesis. Indirect evidence is, of course, also available in descriptions of the types of people who voluntarily migrate mainly skilled or professional workers, with or without dependants. Certainly, those who voluntarily choose to confront the problems and major adjustments associated with migration are, in relation to involuntary migrants, generally freer of other difficulties (e.g. illness and disability) which would compound these problems. With little (if any) alteration in health status, any observablc change among voluntary migrants would probably be with respect to utilisation behaviour, and this change would most likely be towards increased utilisation.

Types of Union Members

DIVERGENT ATTITUDES to unionism, specific opinions about union leaders, the rate of participation in union affairs and the variety of reasons leading some workers to join or not to join a union enable us to classify workers into certain types. An attempt for such a classification is proposed by Tagliacozzo and Seidman (1956) who divide all union members into six types. The first group of workers is called the &dquo;ideological&dquo; type which is characterized by an ideology of a socialistic nature, perceiving the union

'The Concept of Tradition: a Humanistic Interpretation': a Rejoinder to J. J. Smolicz

partite system of state secondary education in Victoria is a difficult one again little evidence is provided. A very small study of the relative effects of primary school teachers’ and parents’ influence upon boys’ choice of secondary schools showed the overwhelming influence of the home (Toomey, 1974b). A pilot study of streaming in Victorian secondary schools I have been engaged in found no examples of formal streaming in twenty-five schools. This survey came to nought because of the

Book Reviews : PROTEST AND PARTICIPATION. The New Working Class in Italy. By J. R. Low-Beer (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1978), 285 pp. Price £4.50

employment&dquo; and of the concept of dependency is both comprehensive and scholarly. Practitioners will find that they are supplied with extensive references to cases in all important areas. There is a handy table dealing with employment related diseases. The diseases are arranged in alphabetical order and under each there appears a list of relevant cases. Another table supplies at a glance the monetary benefits payable for scheduled injuries at all times from 1926-1976. The index has been thoroughly prepared and enables the reader to find material with a minimum of delay. This edition of Mills will, like its predecessor, find a place on the shelves of all lawyers who practice in the workers’ compensation field. It will also be a standard reference work for students.

Book Reviews : Community and Identity, Refugee Groups in Adelaide. Jean I. Martin. Canberra, Aus tralian National University Press, 1972, pp. 143,

are being more stringently questioned. Robinson and Rackstraw do provide many useful insights but these are embedded in a plcthora of meticulous detail which obscures rather than clarifies such issues. At the same time the Appendix on coding answers to &dquo;wh&dquo; questions, the step-by-step construction and the validation of the taxonomy should prove very valuable for future researchers in the area of language development.

A5.50

Blood And Gold: Hungarians in Australia, E. F. Kunz, F. W. Cheshire, 1969, pp.301.

Book Reviews : Blood And Gold: Hungarians in Australia, E. F. Kunz, F. W. Cheshire, 1969, pp.301.

A7.50. THE title of the book is pretentious, too glamorous and not quite fitting the content of the book as there was little gold sought or found by the few Hungarian immigrants who came to Australia during the gold rush. The blood part of the title is also. exaggerated, since from all accounts the Hungarian immigrants in Australia fared reasonah)B well wer the period studied in comparison with other immigrant groups, who Could easily claim more suffering and greater sacrifice.

A7.50

THE Two main features of this book are the immense amount of case studies which illustrate points of theory and the theory itself. While some examples are taken from research conducted by other scholars in the field, the author relies mainly on his own research on the restaurant industry carried out in the early 1940s. The theory itself is based on his previously expounded conceptual framework of sentiments, activities and interactions to which is added here the phenomenon of transactions interwoven throughout the whole book. The author himself has some doubts about the validity of his theoretical framework, a doubt expressed in the following statement: &dquo;Others will have to evaluate whether this framework represents a step ahead in the field or simply adds