Rutt Suttisri

Efficacy of Thai medicinal plant extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1 infection in vitro and in vivo

Twenty Thai medicinal plant extracts were evaluated for anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activity. Eleven of them inhibited plaque formation of HSV-1 more than 50% at 100microg/ml in a plaque reduction assay. Aglaia odorata, Moringa oleifera, and Ventilago denticulata among the 11 were also effective against thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-1 and phosphonoacetate-resistant HSV-1 strains. These therapeutic efficacies were characterized using a cutaneous HSV-1 infection in mice. The extract of M. oleifera at a dose of 750mg/kg per day significantly delayed the development of skin lesions, prolonged the mean survival times and reduced the mortality of HSV-1 infected mice as compared with 2% DMSO in distilled water (P<0.05). The extracts of A. odorata and V. denticulata were also significantly effective in limiting the development of skin lesions (P<0.05). There were no significant difference between acyclovir and these three plant extracts in the delay of the development of skin lesions and no significant difference between acyclovir and M. oleifera in mean survival times. Toxicity of these plant extracts were not observed in treated mice. Thus, these three plant extracts may be possible candidates of anti-HSV-1 agents.

Plant-derived triterpenoid sweetness inhibitors

Considerable recent attention has been focused on naturally occurring compounds with taste-modifying activity, which are of potential use in both dietary sweetness management and in gaining a better understanding of the sweet taste sensation. This review summarizes information on the phytochemistry and biological activity of more than 40 triterpenoid sweetness inhibitors that have been isolated from the leaves of three medicinal plants, namely, Gymnema sylvestre R.Br. (Asclepiadaceae), Ziziphus jujuba P. Miller (Rhamnaceae), and Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae).

Biological Activities of Alkaloids from Pseuduvaria setosa.

Abstract Two dioxoaporphine alkaloids, N-methylouregidione (1) and ouregidione (2), and two oxoaporphine alkaloids, liriodenine (3) and oxostephanine (4), were isolated from the aerial part of Pseuduvaria setosa (King) J. Sinclair. All four alkaloids displayed antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with 3 as the most active at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 µg/ml. Compound 3 was also the only alkaloid isolated from this plant that displayed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.8 µg/ml. Compounds 3 and 4 were strongly cytotoxic to both epidermoid carcinoma (KB) and breast cancer (BC) cell lines, whereas 2 was moderately active against BC cells. Both 1 and 2 were active against small cell lung cancer (NCI-H187) cell line and were able to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation with stimulation indices (SI) of more than 1.

Cytotoxic C-benzylated chalcone and other constituents ofEllipeiopsis cherrevensis

A new natural C-benzylated chalcone, 2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-6¢-methoxychalcone (2), along with two other flavonoids, tiliroside and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, and an oxoaporphine alkaloid, lanuginosine were isolated from the aerial parts ofEllipeiopsis cherrevensis (Annonaceae). Two known polyoxygenated cyclohexene derivatives, ferrudiol and zeylenol, and a new analog, ellipeiopsol D, were also isolated. The chalcone2 exhibited cytotoxic activity against human small-cell lung-cancer (NCI-H187), epidermoid carcinoma (KB) and breast cancer (BC) cell lines with IC50 values of 1.40, 5.31 and 13.92 μg/mL, respectively. This compound also showed antimalarial activity againstPlasmodium falciparum with an IC50 value of 7.1 μg/mL as well as antimicrobacterial activity againstMycobacterium tuberculosis with a MIC of 25 mg/mL.

Bisamides from Aglaia edulis

The leaves of Aglaia edulis afforded a new bisamide, aglaiduline, and two new sulfur-containing bisamides, aglaithioduline and aglaidithioduline. Their structures were established from spectroscopic studies. The sulfur-containing amides exhibited slight antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.

Alkaloids and a pimarane diterpenoid from Strychnos vanprukii

From the stem of Strychnos vanprukii, a gluco-indole alkaloid, 3,4-dehydropalicoside, and a pimarane diterpenoid, 7 beta-hydroxypimara-8,15-dien-14-one, were isolated together with four known alkaloids: palicoside, 3,4,5,6-tetradehydropalicoside, akagerine and 17-O-methylakagerine. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic evidence.

Neo-clerodane diterpenoids and other constituents from Baccharis genistelloides

Abstract Three novel neo -clerodane diterpenoids, namely, 15,16-epoxy-7α,18-dihydroxy-15-oxo- ent -cleroda-3-ene,7α,15,18-trihydroxy- ent -cleroda-3-ene and 15,16-diacetoxy-7α,18-dihydroxy- ent -cleroda-3-ene, together with two known diterpenoids, 15,16-epoxy-18-hydroxy-15-methoxy- ent -cleroda-3-ene and 15,16-epoxy-7α,18-dihydroxy-15-methoxy- ent -cleroda-3-ene, were isolated from the aerial parts of Baccharis genistelloides . Eupatorin, cirsimaritin, 5-hydroxy-3′,4′,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone, spathulenol and trans -phytol were also identified from this Baccharis species.

Clerodane diterpenoids from Baccharis articulata

Abstract In addition to the previously known compound,7-oxo-16, 19-dihydroxy-3,4-dehydroclerodan-15,20 diacid-dilactone, two novel clerodane diterpenes have been isolated from the aerial portions of Baccharis articulata , namely, 8β-hydroxy-7-oxo- ent -cleroda-3-en-15,18-diacid-16,19-dilactone and 15,16-epoxy-7α,18-dihydroxy-15-methoxy- ent -cleroda-3-ene.

A new acyclic diterpene acid and bioactive compounds from Knema glauca

Investigation of the chemical constituents of the fruits of Knema glauca (Myristicaceae) yielded a new acyclic diterpene acid, named glaucaic acid 4, together with four acylphenols, including 1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl) tetradecan-1-one 1, malabaricone A 6, dodecanoylphloroglucinol 7 and 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-9-phenylnonan-1-one 8, two lignans sesamin 2 and asarinin 3, and a flavan, myristinin D 5. In addition, myristinin A 9 and (±)-7,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxyflavan 10 were isolated from its leaves and stems, respectively. When tested against small-cell lung cancer (NCI-H187), epidermoid carcinoma (KB) and breast cancer (BC) cell lines, compounds 1, 6–8 and 10 displayed weak to moderate cytotoxicity. The acylphenols 6–8 displayed antituberculosis activity against the microbe Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIC values of 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively, and antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1, with 7 as the most active compound (IC50 = 3.05 μg/mL). Malabaricone A 6 was also active against the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 value of 2.78 μg/mL.

Periandrin V, a further sweet triterpene glycoside from Periandra dulcis

A new sweet triterpene glycoside, periandrin V, was isolated from the roots of Periandra dulcis and identified as 3 beta-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-25 -al-olean-18(19)-en-30-oic acid on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. The structure of an acid-rearranged product of periandrin V and the parent compound, periandrin I, was determined as 1(10-->25) abeo-3 alpha, 25 alpha-epoxy-olean-5(10), 18-dien-30-oic acid methyl ester.