Ryota Suganuma

Effects of metformin on endocrine, metabolic milieus and endometrial expression of androgen receptor in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate effects of metformin on endocrine, metabolic parameters and endometrial androgen receptor (AR) expression in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design: Prospective observational study. Methods: We analyzed blood samples from 10 PCOS patients, of whom endometrium was also analyzed in five patients. Before and after three months of metformin treatment, endocrine, glucose metabolic parameters and the endometrial AR expressions were assessed. The relative expression levels of AR were examined by immunohistochemistry. Main outcome measures: The group post-treatment mean of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for all patients was significantly lower than the pretreatment. Ovulation was restored in five out of 10 patients. The group post-treatment means of luteinizing hormone (LH) and HOMA-IR for the five ovulatory patients were significantly lower. The relative expression levels of endometrial AR were decreased in four out of the five patients as compared with pretreatment. In the four patients, one or more of the parameters, HOMA-IR, LH or free testosterone, decreased compared with pretreatment. Conclusion: Metformin was effective in decreasing HOMA-IR, LH, free testosterone and the relative expression levels of AR. Furthermore, metformin might improve the systemic and local environment of the uterus caused by hyperandrogenemia in PCOS patients with insulin resistance. Chinese abstract 目的：评估二甲双胍对多囊卵巢综合征患者内分泌、代谢参数和子宫内膜雄激素受体（AR）表达的影响。 设计：前瞻性观察研究 方法：我们分析了10名PCOS患者的血样，其中5名还做了子宫内膜分析。在二甲双胍治疗三个月前后，对内分泌、糖代谢参数和子宫内膜的雄激素受体表达进行了评估。雄激素受体的相对表达水平采用免疫组化检测。 主要结果：治疗后的HOMA-IR(稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗)均值明显低于治疗前。10名患者中有5名恢复排卵。5名排卵患者治疗后的LH、HOMA-IR的均值显著降低。5名患者中，4名患者治疗后子宫内膜雄激素受体的相对表达水平较治疗前降低。在4名患者中，1项或多项参数，如HOMA-IR、LH或游离睾酮，较治疗前降低。 结论：二甲双胍在降低HOMA-IR、LH、游离睾酮和雄激素受体相对表达方面是有效的。此外，二甲双胍可能改善伴有胰岛素抵抗的PCOS患者因为高雄激素血症导致的全身和子宫局部环境。

Influence of radiofrequency-electromagnetic waves from 3rd-generation cellular phones on fertilization and embryo development in mice.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3rd-generation (3G) cellular phone radiofrequency-electromagnetic wave (RF-EMW) exposure on fertilization and embryogenesis in mice. Oocytes and spermatozoa were exposed to 3G cellular phone RF-EMWs, 1.95 GHz wideband code division multiple access, at a specific absorption rate of 2 mW/g for 60 min, or to sham exposure. After RF-EMW exposure, in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection were performed. Rates of fertilization, embryogenesis (8-cell embryo, blastocyst), and chromosome aberration were compared between the combined spermatozoa and oocyte groups: both exposed, both non-exposed, one exposed, and the other non-exposed. Rates of fertilization, embryogenesis, and blastocyst formation did not change significantly across the four groups. Considering that the degree of exposure in the present study was ≥100 times greater than daily exposure of human spermatozoa and even greater than daily exposure of oocytes, the present results indicate safety of RF-EMW exposure in humans. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:466-473, 2017.

Mild phenotypes associated with an unbalanced X-autosome translocation, 46,X,der(X)t(X;8)(q28;q13)

Unbalanced X‐autosome translocation can result in various phenotypic manifestations. We present the first case of 46,X,der(X)t(X;8)(q28;q13) in a 34‐year‐old female with relatively mild manifestations, including congenital heart disease, epicanthal fold, mild intellectual disability, and menstrual irregularity. Our findings expand the known spectrum of unbalanced X‐autosome translocations, for improved clinical management.

Relationship between Assessment of Sperm Nuclear Qualities and Embryo Development In Vitro

ABSTRACT Concept of the fertilizing ability of human spermatozoa has been drastically changed since intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) played an important role of modern reproductive medicine. Recent studies on the qualities of sperm nucleus revealed that the fertilization and embryo development in vitro should be related to the structure of sperm nuclear chromatin, especially in case of ICSI procedure. It has been suggested that oocytes injected with sperm nuclei with poor S-S bonds have more developmental potency than that with S-S rich sperm nuclei. Moreover, it has been pointed out from the assessment of DNA fragmentation that oocytes injected with genetically impaired nuclei have little potency to develop beyond 8 cell stage embryo. Hereafter, the more definitive assessments of sperm nuclear chromatin should be needed to select the best nuclei for ICSI procedure.

Relationship between Chromatin Structure of Human Ejaculated Sperm and Rate of Blastocyst Formation Assessed by Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA)

ABSTRACT It has been reported that the rate of blastocyst formation after ICSI is lower than that after conventional in vitro fertilization IVF. The aim of this study is to assess relationship between maturity of chromatin structure of spermatozoa and embryo development. Samples; Ejaculated sperm was collected from 21 patients treated with ICSI and 22 patient treated with IVF from January to October in our hospital. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) was used to prevent natural oxydation. Centrifugated and washed sperm was mixed with 5 mM NEM and stored at −80°C until analysis. Two hundred μl of thawed sperm aliquot was suspended in same dose of low pH detergent for 30 sec followed by suspension with 1.2 ml of acridine orange (AO) working solution for 3 min. FACScan equipped with CELL QUEST (BECTON DICKINSON) was used for analysis. Cells outside the main population (COMP; %) was measured for SCSA parameter. Although there are no corelation in conventional IVF (r=0.03, p=0.899, n=21), COMP in ICSI has positive corelation with the rate of blastocyst formation (r=0.477, p=0.025, n=22). In ICSI, the number of disulfide bond in sperm chromatin might effect on dyssynchrony during process of pronuclear formation and embryo development.