Ryunosuke Kazahaya

Budget of shallow magma plumbing system at Asama Volcano, Japan, revealed by ground deformation and volcanic gas studies

Multiple cycles of the intensive volcanic gas discharge and ground deformation (inflation and deflation) were observed at Asama Volcano, Japan, from 2000 to 2011. Magma budget of the shallow magma plumbing system was estimated on the basis of the volcanic gas emission rates and ground deformation data. Recent inflations observed in 2004 and 2008 were modeled as a dike intrusion to 2–3 km west of Asama Volcano. Previous studies proposed that magma ascends from a midcrustal magma reservoir to the dike and reaches the surface via a sinuous conduit which connects the dike to the summit. The intensive volcanic sulfur dioxide discharge of up to 4600 t/d at the volcano was modeled by magma convective degassing through this magma pathway. The volcano deflates as shrinkage of the magma in a reservoir by volcanic gas discharge. We estimated the volume change of the dike modeled based on the GPS observations, the volume decrease of the magma by the volcanic gas discharge, and the amount of degassed magma produced to calculate the magma budget. The results show that the volume decrease of the magma by the volcanic gas discharge was larger than the volume change of the dike during the inflation periods. This indicates that a significant volume of magma at least more than 2 times larger than the volume change of the dike was supplied from the midcrustal magma reservoir to the dike. The volume decrease of the dike was comparable with the volume decrease of the magma by the volcanic gas discharge during the deflation periods. The long-term deflation trend of the dike and the volume of degassed magma (108–9 m3) suggest that the degassed magma produced is not stored in the dike and the magma is mainly supplied from the midcrustal magma reservoir. In both periods, the volume of degassed magma produced was 1 order of magnitude larger than the volume change of the dike. This indicates that the actual volume of the magma supplied from the midcrustal magma reservoir is up to 1 order of magnitude larger than the volume change of the dike. These results strongly suggest that an amount of magma moved through a magma reservoir is possible to be significantly larger than volume change of the magma reservoir estimated by the geodetic observations.

Pre‐eruptive inflation caused by gas accumulation: Insight from detailed gas flux variation at Sakurajima volcano, Japan

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate observations were made at Sakurajima volcano, Japan, to quantify the relationship between the SO2 emission rate and inflation prior to Vulcanian explosions. The explosions associated with precursory inflation events were preceded by decreases in SO2 emission rates by 10–60 min. The amounts of accumulated gas were calculated using time series of SO2 emission rate. The amounts of accumulated SO2 and increases in strain records before the explosions showed a positive correlation. The volume increase of a deformation source calculated using the strain records was of the comparable order of magnitude as the volume of the accumulated volcanic gas. The results suggest that the inflations before the explosions were caused by the gas accumulation.