S. Ananthi

The Secure Field Bus (SecFB) Protocol - Network Communication Security for secure Industrial Process control

This paper describes a protocol by which network security can be included in existing Fieldbus systems. The protocol makes use of the 56-bit DES cipher for data encryption. It also includes a scheme for symmetric key exchange and automatic key update at specific time intervals. In addition, the protocol includes a new idea called Key Refresh. The Key Refresh is a simple scheme that can be an alternative to operating the cipher in processor intensive chaining or feedback modes. The industrial field devices are equipped with the TMS series of digital signal processors to perform DES encryption/decryption. Since these processors are already present embedded in many of the state-of-art field devices, they were chosen so that the protocol would not require additional hardware. The protocol is generic and can run over any of the commercial Fieldbus networks

Spread Spectrum Communication Using Wavelets of Signal for More Security

Secure communication has a wide range of interesting techniques. Here, a wavelet decomposed data communication packet is used, whose advantages are described. The problems of wide spectrum noise-based jamming, by hostile elements is counteracted. For this, several wavelet coefficients of a data packet are transmitted in non-harmonically related spread frequencies. The reconstruction of the wavelets, despite noisy detection at the received end, is shown to be better, typically for test data packets. The number of frequencies and the coefficients can be varied to suit the detection error limits. Several wavelets have been tired for this purpose and testing has been done even with image data. The results are found to be useful and interesting.

Some Problems & Methods for Remotely Controllable Automatic Home Security Systems

Security systems for home or industry have a lot to perform today and the data collection and fusion demands careful processing and discerning of security problems. The paper examines signals that are created to perform multiple surveillance systems through a common remotely monitored system. The problems of data detection without errors becomes important to avoid falsely discerning insecurity levels. The paper examines methods for this. Among this is considered the technique for encoding using the Hilbert Transform. This works better with Doppler based security sensors with lesser extra bits of transmission for error free reception at the monitoring computer station.

Gabor spectra for Doppler echocardiography

Doppler echocardiography on current ultrasonography machines makes use of short-time Fourier spectrograms (STFTs) to display the patterns of blood vevocities in the heart chamber. From these sonologists infer the functional parameters, such as valve area, that have pathological significance. After mention of the lacuna in such an STFT display, the Gabor transform and associated Gabor spectrogram evaluation techniques are described. Finally, comparative views of ultrasound machine display with PC-based STFT and Gabor displays for two typical patients are shown, with inferences in support of the proposed Gabor display.

Optimal Control with Fuzzy State Space Modeling Using the Riccati Equation

Fuzzy logic has a boon for nonlinear control systems. Normal fuzzy logic control with a proportional integral - Derivative (PID) controller is common. Control systems can be defined through transfer functions and state- space. relations for linear systems. Optimal control to meet a performance index is possible only through State Space analysis. Optimal control in state space is centered around the Riccati Equation with state variable functions that has to be solved to yield the control law or trajectory. In the control scheme of an ozone generator, optimal control with a performance index had to be implemented. The method for finding the control functions by solving the equation graphically is described. The data is used for realizing an embedded control scheme for the generator

Secured Image Transmission Using Wavelets for Spread Spectrum Communication in a Remote Surveillance System

The paper deals with security implementation in remote unattended sites which employ sensor systems using versatile communication methods. The principles of security management are outlined. Then, the paper discusses some improvements in the methods for transmission of collected data and images in such areas to the remote monitoring site through wireless communication. Herein, data transmission without errors is important so as to avoid mistakes in understanding insecurity levels. While spread spectrum communication is a choice, additional encoding of the data for secrecy is a requirement. A method based on wavelets is useful for this purpose. Encoded data could be transmitted through frequency hopped spread spectrum communication.

Remote Robot Training of Its Artificial Neural Network through GSM Communication

Without building new technology and involved hardware circuit boards, how to develop industrial artificial neural network (ANN) based robotic projects for enterprises is explained with special reference to GSM cell and robotic models. In the process of training to develop enterprise robots, one has to make use of all possible resources. Without the need for development of new circuits or methodology, existing devices, components and services can be used to develop a standard robotic project. There are many examples like traffic control, agricultural plantation and adaptive surveillance. The groundwork of technology for the above robot data collection and control is elucidated and schemes using simple readily available hardware for easy and quick rigging up of robotic systems is the theme of this paper.

Ozone for plant pathological applications

The effect of ozone on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, a bacterium causing leaf blight disease in Paddy (Oryza sativa), was studied in culture. Viability of this pathogen was lost by flushing ozone at a flow rate of 300 ml/min for 3 minutes in culture condition. The inhibitory effect was dependant on cell concentration and time. With a cell concentration of 0.008 OD at 540 nm, the inhibition of the bacterium was total and no growth was observed in nutrient agar plates even after 36 hrs. With higher concentrations of cells (0.08 OD and above) the bacterium survived, though there was a bacteriostatic effect initially. Conductivity of the cell suspension increased after ozone treatment owing to altered cell membrane permeability and subsequent release of cellular contents. As the bacterium is seed borne, washing the paddy seeds with ozonized water would help control the bacterial blight of rice, the most serious disease of rice in Asia.

Doppler ultrasound observation of pathological heart valves

A simple, noninvasive technique based on Hilbert transform (HT) time-signal displays is described. The authors discuss methods of showing forward- and reverse-flow Doppler echocardiograph signals as a time course of events relating to valve stenosis and regurgitation for providing additional cardiac insonation diagnostic information. The Doppler ultrasound demodulated signals are separated using the HT technique and then shown as segments of waveforms along with the corresponding electrocardiogram. This allows one to relate cardiac activity events, to assess valve leaflet thickness in severe mitral-valve stenosis cases, and to examine the opening and closing of valve leaflets for diagnosis.

Optimal angular movement of laser beam in SPR using an embedded controller

This paper proposes and implements the PIC microcontroller based Surface Plasmon resonance analysis of bio molecular interaction. Surface Plasmon resonance [SPR] has becoming an important optical bio-sensing technology in the areas of medical, biological , biochemistry, pollution detection, aircraft and laboratory research. The SPR works on the principle of TIR, that when the stepper motor mounted laser beam moving back and forth is focused on the hypotenuse of the gold coated BK-7 prism at an angle greater than the critical angle, hence the laser beam gets reflected back and SPR is generated outward side of the gold coated surface is measured using LDR. The generation of SPR is measured in terms of Refractive index, the refractive index changes with respect to the applied sample (Dielectric loading). Hence even for a small change in molecular interaction can be found using SPR. The laboratory prototype of PIC microcontroller based SPR was characterized in terms of reflectance and intensity with respect to the incident beam. In the design of instrument PIC 16F73 microcontroller is used to control the laser movement back and forth through stepper motor to increase the fastness and accuracy. This paper explains and demonstrates the importance of PIC microcontroller in the design and control of the instrument.