S. Banaschak

Fatal postpartum air embolism due to uterine inversion and atonic hemorrhage

We report a case of a 19-year-old woman who developed a persistent uterine hemorrhage after spontaneous delivery of a healthy child. Emergency laparotomy was indicated and then begun under stable circulatory conditions. Cardiac arrest occurred during the course of massive manual compression and packing of the uterus. After successful resuscitation, a supracervical hysterectomy was performed. During the suturing of the remaining cervix, a second cardiac arrest followed. The procedure was completed under constant external heart massage. Resuscitation was terminated due to the persistence of widened pupils. An autopsy was ordered by the public prosecutor as the manner of death was declared to be unascertained. An X-ray and a CT scan prior to the autopsy showed extensive gas embolism in both arterial and venous vessels extending from the pelvic region to the head. During the autopsy, gas was collected by aspirometer from the right ventricle of the heart. The autopsy showed no additional relevant findings, and gas analysis confirmed the suspicion of air embolism. The histological examination of the excised uterus especially in the corpus/fundus revealed an edema of the local smooth muscle cells and dilated vessels showing no sign of thrombogenesis. Upon evaluation of the clinical records, it became evident that, in addition to uterine atony, there had been a complete uterine inversion. This inversion was manually repositioned. After this maneuver, manual compression was performed. The air embolism, thus, was a complication of the manual repositioning of the uterine inversion. There is no evidence for other possible entries of the detected gas. In order to perform an effective exploration, the availability of all clinical records should be mandatory for medico-legal investigations of unexpected postpartum deaths.

Relevance of medical reports in criminal investigations of cases of suspected child abuse.

If a case of physical child abuse is suspected in Germany, the general feeling is often that “it does not matter whether you make a report or not” because, generally, no conviction is made anyway. This study investigates the juridical analysis of complaint cases of physical child abuse [criminal complaint parag. 225 StGB (German penal code) with filial victim]. It focuses on the doctor’s role and the impact of their practice in relation to a later conviction. It is based on the analysis of 302 files of the enquiry from 2004–2009 from the department of public prosecution in Cologne, Germany. Besides general epidemiological data on the reporting person, the affected child and the presumed offender, the documents were reassessed for the relevance of medical reports for successful convictions. Only 7% (n = 21) of 302 complaints led to a conviction. In 38.1% (n = 8) of those cases, a medical report was mentioned as a piece of evidence, and just in two cases a (legal) medical report was quoted and mentioned as relevant for the conviction. 50% of the complaint cases with legal medical expertise led to a trial. In contrast, only 30.2% with a common medical report and 7.3% without a report led to a trial. The results show how a medical report existed in only a few cases. In those cases, the rate of performed trials was higher than for those without a medical report, but the report played a minor part when reasoning a verdict.

Two fatal tiger attacks in zoos

Two captive tiger attacks are presented that took place in Cologne and Münster zoos. Both attacks occurred when the handlers, intent on cleaning the enclosures, entered whilst the tigers accidently retained access to the location, and thus defended their territory against the perceived intruders. Both victims suffered fatal neck injuries from the bites. At Münster, colleagues managed to lure the tiger away from its victim to enable treatment, whilst the Cologne zoo tiger had to be shot in order to allow access to be gained. Whilst it was judged that human error led to the deaths of the experienced zookeepers, the investigation in Münster was closed as no third party was found to be at fault, whereas the Cologne zoo director was initially charged with being negligent. These charges were subsequently dismissed as safety regulations were found to be up to date.

Klinische Rechtsmedizin und forensisch-klinische Untersuchungen

Aufgrund des Erfahrungsschatzes in der Erhebung, Protokollierung und Dokumentation von Verletzungsbefunden sind Rechtsmediziner seit altersher auch mit der Untersuchung Lebender nach rechtserheblichen Korperverletzungen befasst (Beweismittelsicherung am Lebenden), damit sich entsprechend erhobene Befunde und ihre Beurteilung im weiteren Verfahrensablauf als tragfahig erweisen. Das rechtsmedizinische Untersuchungsspektrum inkl. Asservation nach Sexualdelikten ist weitgehend normiert. Bei Kindesmisshandlung steht die Abgrenzung von haufig behaupteten akzidentellen Verletzungen im Vordergrund. Selbstbeschadigungen weisen typische Verletzungscharakteristika auf. In den letzten Jahren spielt die forensische Altersdiagnostik bei Lebenden eine zunehmende Rolle. Aufgabe eines Altersgutachtens ist eine Aussage zum chronologischen Alter aufgrund des physischen Entwicklungszustandes eines Individuums, welcher als biologisches Alter bezeichnet wird.

Traumatologie und gewaltsamer Tod

Forensisch-traumatologische Untersuchungen sind in vielfaltigen rechtlichen Zusammenhangen von Bedeutung; sie dienen der Befunderhebung, Dokumentation und Asservierung. Bei der Beurteilung von Verletzungen sind Suizide, Suizidversuche, Selbstbeschadigungen einerseits, Unfalle und Unglucksfalle sowie Korperverletzungs- und Totungsdelikte andererseits zu differenzieren. Unter Traumatomechanik versteht man eine schadigende Krafteinwirkung, die uber eine Deformation eine Kontinuitatsunterbrechung, also eine Gefugetrennung des Gewebes nach sich zieht. Gewalteinwirkungen werden hinsichtlich ihrer Verursachung eingeteilt in mechanische Insulte (stumpfe und scharfe Gewalt), Schussverletzungen, Erstickungen, Tod im Wasser, thermische Energie (Hitze, Kalte), Elektrizitat, Blitzschlag, Strahlen, Verhungern, Vernachlassigung, Kindstotung, Abtreibung, Tod in abnormer Korperposition etc.