S. Bron
University of Geneva
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Nature | 2017
M. G. Aartsen; G. C. Hill; A. Kyriacou; S. Robertson; A. Wallace; B. J. Whelan; M. Ackermann; E. Bernardini; Stijn Blot; F. Bradascio; H.-P. Bretz; J. Brostean-Kaiser; A. Franckowiak; E. Jacobi; T. Karg; T. Kintscher; S. Kunwar; R. Nahnhauer; K. Satalecka; C. Spiering; J. Stachurska; A. Stasik; N. L. Strotjohann; A. Terliuk; M. Usner; Van Santen J; J. Adams; H. Bagherpour; J. A. Aguilar; I. Ansseau
Neutrinos interact only very weakly, so they are extremely penetrating. The theoretical neutrino–nucleon interaction cross-section, however, increases with increasing neutrino energy, and neutrinos with energies above 40 teraelectronvolts (TeV) are expected to be absorbed as they pass through the Earth. Experimentally, the cross-section has been determined only at the relatively low energies (below 0.4 TeV) that are available at neutrino beams from accelerators. Here we report a measurement of neutrino absorption by the Earth using a sample of 10,784 energetic upward-going neutrino-induced muons. The flux of high-energy neutrinos transiting long paths through the Earth is attenuated compared to a reference sample that follows shorter trajectories. Using a fit to the two-dimensional distribution of muon energy and zenith angle, we determine the neutrino–nucleon interaction cross-section for neutrino energies 6.3–980 TeV, more than an order of magnitude higher than previous measurements. The measured cross-section is about 1.3 times the prediction of the standard model, consistent with the expectations for charged- and neutral-current interactions. We do not observe a large increase in the cross-section with neutrino energy, in contrast with the predictions of some theoretical models, including those invoking more compact spatial dimensions or the production of leptoquarks. This cross-section measurement can be used to set limits on the existence of some hypothesized beyond-standard-model particles, including leptoquarks.
publisher | None
author
arXiv: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena | 2018
M. G. Aartsen; M. Ackermann; J. Adams; J. A. Aguilar; M. Ahlers; M. Ahrens; I. Al Samarai; D. Altmann; K. Andeen; T. Anderson; I. Ansseau; G. Anton; C. Argüelles; J. Auffenberg; S. Axani; P. Backes; H. Bagherpour; X. Bai; A. Barbano; J. P. Barron; S. W. Barwick; V. Baum; R. Bay; J. J. Beatty; J. Becker Tjus; K. Becker; S. BenZvi; D. Berley; E. Bernardini; David Z. Besson