S. Gianì

First measurement of the total proton-proton cross-section at the LHC energy of \chem{\sqrt{s} = 7\,TeV}

TOTEM has measured the differential cross-section for elastic proton-proton scattering at the LHC energy of analysing data from a short run with dedicated large-β* optics. A single exponential fit with a slope B=(20.1±0.2stat±0.3syst) GeV−2 describes the range of the four-momentum transfer squared |t| from 0.02 to 0.33 GeV2. After the extrapolation to |t|=0, a total elastic scattering cross-section of (24.8±0.2stat±1.2syst) mb was obtained. Applying the optical theorem and using the luminosity measurement from CMS, a total proton-proton cross-section of (98.3±0.2stat±2.8syst) mb was deduced which is in good agreement with the expectation from the overall fit of previously measured data over a large range of center-of-mass energies. From the total and elastic pp cross-section measurements, an inelastic pp cross-section of was inferred.

Measurement of proton-proton elastic scattering and total cross-section at \chem{\sqrt {s} = 7\,TeV}

At the LHC energy of , under various beam and background conditions, luminosities, and Roman Pot positions, TOTEM has measured the differential cross-section for proton-proton elastic scattering as a function of the four-momentum transfer squared t. The results of the different analyses are in excellent agreement demonstrating no sizeable dependence on the beam conditions. Due to the very close approach of the Roman Pot detectors to the beam center (?5?beam) in a dedicated run with ?*?=?90?m, |t|-values down to 5?10?3?GeV2 were reached. The exponential slope of the differential elastic cross-section in this newly explored |t|-region remained unchanged and thus an exponential fit with only one constant B?=?(19.9???0.3)?GeV?2 over the large |t|-range from 0.005 to 0.2?GeV2 describes the differential distribution well. The high precision of the measurement and the large fit range lead to an error on the slope parameter B which is remarkably small compared to previous experiments. It allows a precise extrapolation over the non-visible cross-section (only 9%) to t?=?0. With the luminosity from CMS, the elastic cross-section was determined to be (25.4???1.1)?mb, and using in addition the optical theorem, the total pp cross-section was derived to be (98.6???2.2)?mb. For model comparisons the t-distributions are tabulated including the large |t|-range of the previous measurement (TOTEM Collaboration (Antchev G. et al), EPL, 95 (2011) 41001).

Proton-proton elastic scattering at the LHC energy of \chem{\sqrt{s} = 7\,TeV}

Proton-proton elastic scattering has been measured by the TOTEM experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at √ s = 7 TeV in dedicated runs with the Roman Pot detectors placed as close as seven times the transverse beam size (σbeam) from the outgoing beams. After careful study of the accelerator optics and the detector alignment, |t|, the square of four-momentum transferred in the elastic scattering process, has been determined with an uncertainty of δt = 0.1 GeV p |t|. In this letter, first results of the differential cross-section are presented covering a |t|-range from 0.36 to 2.5 GeV 2 . The differential cross-section in the range 0.36 < |t| < 0.47 GeV 2 is described by an exponential with a slope parameter B =( 23.6 ± 0.5 stat ± 0.4 syst )G eV −2 , followed by a significant diffractive minimum at |t| =( 0.53 ± 0.01 stat ± 0.01 syst )G eV 2 .F or|t|-values larger than ∼ 1. 5G eV 2 , the cross-section exhibits a power law behaviour with an exponent of −7.8 ± 0.3 stat ± 0.1 syst . When compared to predictions based on the different available models, the data show a strong discriminative power despite the small t-range covered. open access Copyright c EPLA, 2011

Evidence for non-exponential elastic proton-proton differential cross-section at low |t| and √ s = 8 TeV by TOTEM

Abstract The TOTEM experiment has made a precise measurement of the elastic proton–proton differential cross-section at the centre-of-mass energy s = 8 TeV based on a high-statistics data sample obtained with the β ⁎ = 90 m optics. Both the statistical and systematic uncertainties remain below 1%, except for the t-independent contribution from the overall normalisation. This unprecedented precision allows to exclude a purely exponential differential cross-section in the range of four-momentum transfer squared 0.027 | t | 0.2 GeV 2 with a significance greater than 7 σ . Two extended parametrisations, with quadratic and cubic polynomials in the exponent, are shown to be well compatible with the data. Using them for the differential cross-section extrapolation to t = 0 , and further applying the optical theorem, yields total cross-section estimates of ( 101.5 ± 2.1 ) mb and ( 101.9 ± 2.1 ) mb , respectively, in agreement with previous TOTEM measurements.

An implementation of ionisation energy loss in very thin absorbers for the GEANT4 simulation package

Abstract We discuss an implementation of Photo Absorption Ionisation model describing ionisation energy loss produced by a relativistic charged particle in very thin absorbers. The implementation allows us to calculate ionisation energy losses in any material consisting of elements with atomic numbers in the range 1–100. Comparisons of simulation with the experimental data from gaseous and solid state detectors are presented.

Measurement of the forward charged-particle pseudorapidity density in pp collisions at ?s = 7?TeV with the TOTEM experiment

The TOTEM experiment has measured the charged-particle pseudorapidity density dNch/d? in pp collisions at for 5.3<|?|<6.4 in events with at least one charged particle with transverse momentum above 40?MeV/c in this pseudorapidity range. This extends the analogous measurement performed by the other LHC experiments to the previously unexplored forward ? region. The measurement refers to more than 99% of non-diffractive processes and to single and double diffractive processes with diffractive masses above ~3.4?GeV/c2, corresponding to about 95% of the total inelastic cross-section. The dNch/d? has been found to decrease with |?|, from 3.84 ? 0.01(stat) ? 0.37(syst) at |?|=5.375 to 2.38?0.01(stat)?0.21(syst) at |?|=6.375. Several MC generators have been compared to data; none of them has been found to fully describe the measurement.

Measurement of proton-proton inelastic scattering cross-section at \chem{\sqrt {s} = 7\,{\mathrm {TeV}}}

The TOTEM experiment at the LHC has measured the inelastic proton-proton cross-section at in a ?*?=?90?m run with low inelastic pile-up. The measurement was based on events with at least one charged particle in the T2 telescope acceptance of 5.3?<?|?|?<?6.5 in pseudorapidity. Combined with data from the T1 telescope, covering 3.1?<?|?|?<?4.7, the cross-section for inelastic events with at least one |?|???6.5 final-state particle was determined to be (70.5???2.9)?mb. This cross-section includes all central diffractive events of which maximally 0.25?mb is estimated to escape the detection of the telescopes. Based on models for low mass diffraction, the total inelastic cross-section was deduced to be (73.7???3.4)?mb. An upper limit of 6.31?mb at 95% confidence level on the cross-section for events with diffractive masses below 3.4?GeV was obtained from the difference between the overall inelastic cross-section obtained by TOTEM using elastic scattering and the cross-section for inelastic events with at least one |?|???6.5 final-state particle.

Large-angle production of charged pions with 3-12.9 GeV/c incident protons on nuclear targets

M.G. Catanesi, E. Radicioni, R. Edgecock, M. Ellis, ∗ F.J.P. Soler, C. Gößling, S. Bunyatov, A. Krasnoperov, B. Popov, † V. Serdiouk, V. Tereschenko, E. Di Capua, G. Vidal–Sitjes, ‡ A. Artamonov, § S. Giani, S. Gilardoni, P. Gorbunov, § A. Grant, A. Grossheim, ¶ A. Ivanchenko, ∗∗ V. Ivanchenko, †† A. Kayis-Topaksu, ‡‡ J. Panman, I. Papadopoulos, E. Tcherniaev, I. Tsukerman, § R. Veenhof, C. Wiebusch, §§ P. Zucchelli, ¶¶ A. Blondel, S. Borghi, M.C. Morone, ∗∗∗ G. Prior, † † † R. Schroeter, C. Meurer, U. Gastaldi, G. B. Mills, ‡ ‡ ‡ J.S. Graulich, §§§ G. Grégoire, M. Bonesini, ¶¶¶ F. Ferri, M. Kirsanov, A. Bagulya, V. Grichine, N. Polukhina, V. Palladino, L. Coney, ‡ ‡ ‡ D. Schmitz, ‡ ‡ ‡ G. Barr, A. De Santo, F. Bobisut, D. Gibin, A. Guglielmi, M. Mezzetto, J. Dumarchez, U. Dore, D. Orestano, F. Pastore, A. Tonazzo, L. Tortora, C. Booth, L. Howlett, G. Skoro, M. Bogomilov, M. Chizhov, D. Kolev, R. Tsenov, S. Piperov, P. Temnikov, M. Apollonio, P. Chimenti, G. Giannini, J. Burguet–Castell, A. Cervera–Villanueva, J.J. Gómez–Cadenas, J. Mart́ın–Albo, P. Novella, M. Sorel, and A. Tornero (HARP Collaboration)

Elastic Scattering and Total Cross-Section in p+p Reactions As Measured by the LHC Experiment TOTEM at √ s =7 TeV

Tamas Csorgő4 for the TOTEM Collaboration: G. Antchev,∗) P. Aspell,8 I. Atanassov,8,∗)V. Avati,8 J. Baechler,8 V. Berardi,5b,5a M. Berretti,7b E. Bossini,7b M. Bozzo,6b,6a P. Brogi,7b E. Brucken,3a,3b A. Buzzo,6a F. S. Cafagna,5a M. Calicchio,5b,5a M. G. Catanesi,5a C. Covault,9 M. Csanad,4,∗∗) M. Deile,8 E. Dimovasili,8 M. Doubek,1b K. Eggert,9 V. Eremin,∗∗∗) R. Ferretti,6a,6b F. Ferro,6a A. Fiergolski,†) F. Garcia,3a S. Giani,8 V. Greco,7b,8 L. Grzanka,8,††) J. Heino,3a T. Hilden,3a,3b M. R. Intonti,5a M. Janda,1b J. Kaspar,1a,8 J. Kopal,1a,8 V. Kundrat,1a K. Kurvinen,3a S. Lami,7a G. Latino,7b R. Lauhakangas,3a T. Leszko,† E. Lippmaa,2 M. Lokajicek,1a M. Lo Vetere,6b,6a F. Lucas Rodŕiguez,8 M. Macŕi,6a L. Magaletti,5b,5a G. Magazzu,7a A. Mercadante,5b,5a M. Meucci,7b S. Minutoli,6a F. Nemes,4,∗∗) H. Niewiadomski,8 E. Noschis,8 T. Novak,4,† † †) E. Oliveri,7b F. Oljemark,3a,3b R. Orava,3a,3b M. Oriunno,8,‡) K. Osterberg,3a,3b P. Palazzi,7b A.-L. Perrot,8 E. Pedreschi,7a J. Petajajarvi,3a J. Prochazka,1a M. Quinto,5a E. Radermacher,8 E. Radicioni,5a F. Ravotti,8 E. Robutti,6a L. Ropelewski,8 G. Ruggiero,8 H. Saarikko,3a,3b G. Sanguinetti,7a A. Santroni,6b,6a A. Scribano,7b G. Sette,6b,6a W. Snoeys,8 F. Spinella,7a J. Sziklai,4 C. Taylor,9 N. Turini,7b V. Vacek,1b M. Vitek,1b J. Welti,3a,b J. Whitmore10

Measurement of the production cross-sections of pi(+/-) in p-C and pi(+/-)-C interactions at 12 GeV/c

The results of the measurements of the double-differential production cross-sections of pions, dσ/dpdΩ, in p-C and π-C interactions using the forward spectrometer of the HARP experiment are presented. The incident particles are 12 GeV/c protons and charged pions directed onto a carbon target with a thickness of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. For p-C interactions the analysis is performed using 100 035 reconstructed secondary tracks, while the corresponding numbers of tracks for π-C and π-C analyses are 106 534 and 10 122 respectively. Cross-section results are presented in the kinematic range 0.5 GeV/c ≤ pπ < 8 GeV/c and 30 mrad ≤ θπ < 240 mrad in the laboratory frame. The measured cross-sections have a direct impact on the precise calculation of atmospheric neutrino fluxes and on the improved reliability of extensive air shower simulations by reducing the uncertainties of hadronic interaction models in the low energy range. HARP collaboration M.G. Catanesi, E. Radicioni Università degli Studi e Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy R. Edgecock, M. Ellis, S. Robbins, F.J.P. Soler Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, UK C. Gößling Institut für Physik, Universität Dortmund, Germany S. Bunyatov, A. Krasnoperov, B. Popov, V. Tereshchenko Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR Dubna, Russia E. Di Capua, G. Vidal–Sitjes Università degli Studi e Sezione INFN, Ferrara, Italy A. Artamonov, S. Giani, S. Gilardoni, P. Gorbunov, A. Grant, A. Grossheim, P. Gruber, V. Ivanchenko, A. Kayis-Topaksu, J. Panman, I. Papadopoulos, E. Tcherniaev, I. Tsukerman, R. Veenhof, C. Wiebusch, P. Zucchelli CERN, Geneva, Switzerland A. Blondel, S. Borghi, M. Campanelli, M.C. Morone, G. Prior, R. Schroeter Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Switzerland R. Engel, C. Meurer Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany I. Kato University of Kyoto, Japan U. Gastaldi Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro dell’ INFN, Legnaro, Italy G. B. Mills Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, USA J.S. Graulich, G. Grégoire Institut de Physique Nucléaire, UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium M. Bonesini, F. Ferri Università degli Studi e Sezione INFN, Milano, Italy M. Kirsanov Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia A. Bagulya, V. Grichine, N. Polukhina P. N. Lebedev Institute of Physics (FIAN), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia V. Palladino Università “Federico II” e Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy L. Coney, D. Schmitz Columbia University, New York, USA G. Barr, A. De Santo, C. Pattison, K. Zuber Nuclear and Astrophysics Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK F. Bobisut, D. Gibin, A. Guglielmi, M. Mezzetto Università degli Studi e Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy J. Dumarchez, F. Vannucci LPNHE, Universités de Paris VI et VII, Paris, France U. Dore Università “La Sapienza” e Sezione INFN Roma I, Roma, Italy D. Orestano, F. Pastore, A. Tonazzo, L. Tortora Università degli Studi e Sezione INFN Roma III, Roma, Italy C. Booth, L. Howlett Dept. of Physics, University of Sheffield, UK M. Bogomilov, M. Chizhov, D. Kolev, R. Tsenov Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University, Sofia, Bulgaria S. Piperov, P. Temnikov Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria M. Apollonio, P. Chimenti, G. Giannini, G. Santin Università degli Studi e Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy J. Burguet–Castell, A. Cervera–Villanueva, J.J. Gómez–Cadenas, J. Mart́ın–Albo, P. Novella, M. Sorel Instituto de F́ısica Corpuscular, IFIC, CSIC and Universidad de Valencia, Spain Now at FNAL, Batavia, Illinois, USA. Jointly appointed by Nuclear and Astrophysics Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK. Now at Codian Ltd., Langley, Slough, UK. Now at University of Glasgow, UK. Also supported by LPNHE, Universités de Paris VI et VII, Paris, France. Now at Imperial College, University of London, UK. ITEP, Moscow, Russian Federation. Permanently at Instituto de F́ısica de Cantabria, Univ. de Cantabria, Santander, Spain. Now at SpinX Technologies, Geneva, Switzerland. Now at TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada. Now at University of St. Gallen, Switzerland. On leave of absence from Ecoanalitica, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. Now at Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey. Now at III Phys. Inst. B, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. On leave of absence from INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Italy. Now at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Now at Univerity of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy. Now at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA. K2K Collaboration. MiniBooNE Collaboration. Now at Section de Physique, Université de Genève, Switzerland, Switzerland. Now at Royal Holloway, University of London, UK. Now at University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. Now at ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands.