S Hyvärinen

Chapter I : Engineering Aspects of Bioethanol Synthesis

This chapter examines the chemistry, technology, and engineering aspects of ethanol production from different biomass sources. The occurrence, structure, and processing of natural sugars, particularly, those obtained from lignocellulose materials, into fermentable units for bioethanol are reviewed. In addition, different industrial technologies for the fractionation of lignocellulosic materials for the production of bioethanol as a fuel and platform chemical are discussed. Finally, the synthetic routes for bioethanol production processes and the catalytic upgrading processes are addressed.

Simultaneous detection of the absorption spectrum and refractive index ratio with a spectrophotometer: monitoring contaminants in bioethanol

The optical properties of a biofuel resulting from the fungi-treated lignocellulosic biomass in an ethanol matrix were studied. The matrix simulates the case that the bioethanol is contaminated by sugars, water and colour pigments that reduce the quality of the biofuel and compromise the combustion process. It is suggested that by applying a spectrophotometer only, it is possible to obtain valid information, i.e. the spectral features of the contaminants as well as the refractive index ratio of bioethanol. This allows for simultaneous purity and density detection of biomass-derived liquids or liquid biofuels, in comparison to a reference representing an ideal bioethanol (pure ethyl alcohol, ethanol of 99.5% purity (v/v)).