S. I. Yakimovich

Reaction of aroyl- and hetaroyltrifluoroacetones with acylhydrazines: Regioselectivity and tautomerism of the condensation products

Acylhydrazines react with 1,3-diketones of the general formula CF3COCH2COR (where R is an aryl or hetaryl group) at both carbonyl groups. The reaction at the trifluoroacetyl group is favored by donor substituents in the aromatic ring of the 1,3-diketone or by the 2-furyl and, especially, 2-thienyl group as a hetaryl substituent, as well as by elevated temperature. The condensation products at the carbonyl group contiguous to the aryl or hetaryl ring have the structure of 5-hydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrazoles and do not undergo tautomeric transformations in solution. The condensation products at the trifluoroacetyl group have either 5-hydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrazole or hydrazone structure and give rise to ring-chain tautomeric equilibrium in solution. Electron-withdrawing substituents in the aromatic ring of the 1,3-dicarbonyl fragment and CDCl3 as solvent favor formation of the cyclic tautomer. The state of the tautomeric equilibrium is weakly sensitive to structural variations in the hydrazine component.

Tautomerism and conformational isomerism of mercaptoacetylhydrazones of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes

Mercaptoacetylhydrazones of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes exist in the solutions as tautomeric mixtures of open-chain and cyclic 1,3,4-thiadiazine forms. The linear hydrazone form consists of a set of isomers due to the configurational and conformational isomerism. At growing bulk of the alkyl substituent at the C=N bond of the aliphatic aldehydes derivatives decreases the fraction of the cyclic tautomer; therewith the logarithms of the constants of the chain-ring tautomeric equilibrium correlate with the steric constants of the alkyl substituents. In the series of the aromatic aldehydes mercaptoacetylhydrazones the linear tautomer prevails, and the equilibrium position is insignificantlyt affected at variation of the electronic characteristics of the substituents in the aromatic ring.

Structure of the condensation products of 3-sulfanylpropionic acid hydrazide with aldehydes, ketones, and aldoses

Condensation products of aliphatic aldehydes with 3-sulfanylpropionic acid hydrazide exist in solution as mixtures of linear hydrazone and cyclic 1,3,4-thiadiazepine tautomers. Hydrazones derived from 3-sulfanylpropionic acid hydrazide and aromatic aldehydes and ketones have mostly linear structures of different stereoisomers arising from Z-E isomerism with respect to the double C=N bond and restricted rotation about the C(O)-N bond. Condensation products of 3-sulfanylpropionohydrazide with a series of aldoses give rise to ring-chain-ring tautomeric equilibrium between α,β-isomeric pyranose structures, open-chain aldose hydrazone tautomer, and two diastereoisomeric seven-membered cyclic 1,3,4-thiadiazepine forms.

Structure of products of aldoses condensation with thioglycolic acid hydrazide

Condensation products of thioglycolic acid hydrazide with aldoses (L-arabinose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose) exist in the D2O solution as a tautomeric mixture of α,β-pyranose form and six-membered 1,3,4-thiadiazine form present as two diastereomers.

Structure of aldose condensation products with 2-hydroxyand 2-sulfanylbenzohydrazides

The structure of the condensation products of 2-hydroxy- and 2-sulfanylbenzohydrazides with a series of aldoses (L-arabinose, D-ribose, L-ramnose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose) was studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The condensation products of monosaccharides with 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide in DMSO-d6 solution exist as equilibrium mixtures of linear hydrazone and cyclic pyranose and furanose forms, the cyclic tautomers being represented by two stereoisomers (α- and β-anomers). The aldose condensation products with 2-sulfanylbenzohydrazide in the crystalline state have cyclic 1,3,4-benzothiadiazepine structure, while in DMSO-d6 solution they undergo complete or partial isomerization into cyclic pyranose tautomer.

Ring-Ring Tautomerism of the Products of the Reaction of 4-Hydroxytetrahydropyrimidine-2(1H)-Thiones with Functionally Substituted Amines and Hydrazines

A study was carried out on the reaction of 4-hydroxy-1-phenyltetrahydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione and its 6-methyl analog with a series of functionally substituted hydrazines and amines. Substitution of the hydroxyl group leads to 4-substituted tetrahydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones. Partial recyclization is observed in solutions of the reaction products with thioaroylhydrazines and a ring-ring tautomeric equilibrium between tetrahydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones and 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles is established.

Reaction of acylpyruvic acid esters with hydrazides

Hydrazides reacted with acylpyruvic acid esters possessing a terminal straight chain alkyl substituent at the C=O bond distal from the ester group, giving 5-hydroxy-2-pyrazolines. Acylpyruvates with bulky terminal substituents underwent condensation at the C=O bond adjacent to the ester group, giving products with hydrazone or 5-hydroxy-2-pyrazoline structure and capable of displaying ring-chain equilibrium between these tautomers in solution.

Reactions of tri- and hexafluoroacetylacetones and 4-ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluorobut-3-en-2-one with 2-aminobenzohydrazide

Reactions of 1,1,1-trifluoropentane-2,4-dione and 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dione with 2-aminobenzohydrazide afforded (2-aminophenyl)[5-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)- and (2-aminophenyl)[ 5-hydroxy-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydropyrazol-1-yl]methanones, respectively. 4-Ethoxy-1,1,1- trifluorobut-3-en-2-one reacted with 2-aminobenzhydrazide to give 2-(trifluoromethyl)-3a,4-dihydropyrazolo-[5,1-{ptb}]quinazolin-9(3{ptH})-one.

Ring-Chain Tautomerism of 3-Unsubstituted Trifluoromethyl-Containing n-Acyl-5-Hydroxy-2-Pyrazolines

Reaction of the hydrazides of aromatic and pyridine-3(4)-carboxylic acids with 4-ethoxy-1,1,1-tri-fluorobut-3-en-2-one leads to the formation of derivatives having a 5-hydroxy-2-pyrazoline structure. In solution in DMSO-d6 they are capable of exhibiting ring-chain equilibrium involving the 5-hydroxy-2-pyrazoline and enehydrazine tautomers. The latter form is represented by a mixture of Z- and E-isomers with a significant preponderance of the latter. The product from the reaction of 4-aminobenzohydrazide with 4-ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluorobut-3-en-2-one in a ratio of 1:2 has a structure containing 5-hydroxy-2-pyrazoline and enamine fragments.

Reaction of carbohydrazide with 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds

The reaction of carbohydrazide with 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds yields a series of ylidene derivatives, namely, mono- or bishydrazones, 5-hydroxy-, 5-alkoxy, or 5-methylene-4,5-dihydro-2H-[1,2,4]triazin-3-ones depending on the structure of the dicarbonyl compound and nature of the solvent.