S. Jaiswal

Efficient metallic spintronic emitters of ultrabroadband terahertz radiation

Ultrashort pulses covering the 1–30 THz range are generated from a W/CoFeB/Pt trilayer and originate from photoinduced spin currents, the inverse spin Hall effect and a broadband Fabry–Perot resonance. The resultant peak fields are several 100 kV cm–1.

Ultrabroadband single-cycle terahertz pulses with peak fields of 300 kV cm−1 from a metallic spintronic emitter

We explore the capabilities of metallic spintronic thin-film stacks as a source of intense and broadband terahertz electromagnetic fields. For this purpose, we excite a W/CoFeB/Pt trilayer (thickness of 5.6 nm) on a large-area glass substrate (diameter of 7.5 cm) by a femtosecond laser pulse (energy 5.5 mJ, duration 40 fs, and wavelength 800 nm). After focusing, the emitted terahertz pulse is measured to have a duration of 230 fs, a peak field of 300 kV cm−1, and an energy of 5 nJ. In particular, the waveform exhibits a gapless spectrum extending from 1 to 10 THz at 10% of its amplitude maximum, thereby facilitating nonlinear control over matter in this difficult-to-reach frequency range on the sub-picosecond time scale.

Femtosecond formation dynamics of the spin Seebeck effect revealed by terahertz spectroscopy

Understanding the transfer of spin angular momentum is essential in modern magnetism research. A model case is the generation of magnons in magnetic insulators by heating an adjacent metal film. Here, we reveal the initial steps of this spin Seebeck effect with <27 fs time resolution using terahertz spectroscopy on bilayers of ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet and platinum. Upon exciting the metal with an infrared laser pulse, a spin Seebeck current js arises on the same ~100 fs time scale on which the metal electrons thermalize. This observation highlights that efficient spin transfer critically relies on carrier multiplication and is driven by conduction electrons scattering off the metal–insulator interface. Analytical modeling shows that the electrons’ dynamics are almost instantaneously imprinted onto js because their spins have a correlation time of only ~4 fs and deflect the ferrimagnetic moments without inertia. Applications in material characterization, interface probing, spin-noise spectroscopy and terahertz spin pumping emerge.Probing spin pumping in the terahertz regime allows one to reveal its initial elementary steps. Here, the authors show that the formation of the spin Seebeck current in YIG/Pt critically relies on hot thermalized metal electrons because they impinge on the metal-insulator interface with maximum noise.

Spin transport across antiferromagnets induced by the spin Seebeck effect

For prospective spintronics devices based on the propagation of pure spin currents, antiferromagnets are an interesting class of materials that potentially entail a number of advantages as compared to ferromagnets. Here, we present a detailed theoretical study of magnonic spin current transport in ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic multilayers by using atomistic spin dynamics simulations. The relevant length scales of magnonic spin transport in antiferromagnets are determined. We demonstrate the transfer of angular momentum from a ferromagnet into an antiferromagnet due to the excitation of only one magnon branch in the antiferromagnet. As an experimental system, we ascertain the transport across an antiferromagnet in YIG

45° sign switching of effective exchange bias due to competing anisotropies in fully epitaxial Co3FeN/MnN bilayers

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Terahertz spectroscopy for all-optical spintronic characterization of the spin-Hall-effect metals Pt, W and Cu80Ir20

Ir

Launching magnons at the terahertz speed of the spin Seebeck effect

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Flexible Magnetoresistive Sensors for Guiding Cardiac Catheters

Mn

Spin-dependent (inverse) spin Hall effect in Co

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Pt heterostructures. We determine the spin transport signals for spin currents generated in the YIG by the spin Seebeck effect and compare to measurements of the spin Hall magnetoresistance in the heterostructure stack. By means of temperature-dependent and thickness-dependent measurements, we deduce conclusions on the spin transport mechanism across IrMn and furthermore correlate it to its paramagnetic-antiferromagnetic phase transition.