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International Journal of Tropical Insect Science | 1993

Cannibalism on nuclear polyhedrosis virus infected larvae by Heliothis armigera (Hubn.) and its effect on viral infection

N. Dhandapani; S. Jayaraj; R. J. Rabindra

Studies on cannibalism by Heliothis armigera (Hubn.) larvae on nuclear polyhidrosis virus (NPV)-infected larvae and feeding on virosed cadavers indicated that feeding was significantly higher on 4-day-old virosed cadavers followed by 1-day-old cadavers than on healthy or NPV-infected living larvae. The data revealed that cannibalism was significantly higher on NPV-infected (3 days post inoculation) larvae than either healthy larvae or those which had been just inoculated. However, the extent of feeding was higher on healthy larvae (cannibalistic feeding) than on cadavers. Significantly more number of larvae became infected by NPV when they fed on NPV-killed cadavers than on NPV-infected living larvae. Some of the larvae which had fed on either virosed cadavers or NPV-infected larvae survived. But, the disease was expressed in the pupal stage. Pupal mortality was significantly higher in larvae which fed on NPV-inoculated larvae (3 days post inoculation). The multiple choice test to find out the feeding preference of the larvae showed that the larvae had a greater preference to feed on virosed cadavers than either the healthy larvae or the host plant. The role of cannibalistic behaviour in the dissemination of the virus disease under field conditions is discussed.RésuméDes études de cannibalisme sur des larves de Heliothis armigera infectées par le virus de la polyedrose nucléaire (NPV) et qui se nourrissaient sur les ‘cadavres infectés ont montré que l’alimentation était significativement plus élevée sur les cadavres de quatre jours puis d’un jour, que sur les larves infectées vivantes ou non infectées. Les données ont révélé que le cannibalisme était significativement plus prononcé sur les larves infectées par le virus (3 jours après inoculation) que sur les larves non infectées ou récemment inoculées. Cependant le degré d’alimentation est plus élevé sur les larves non infectées (cannibalisme) que sur les cadavres. Beaucoup plus de larves devenaient significativement plus infectées par le virus en s’alimentant sur les cadavres infectés que quand elles le faisaient sur les larves infectées vivantes. Certaines larves qui s’étaient alimentées sur les cadavres ou sur les larves vivantes contaminées ont survécu. Mais la maladie est apparue chez la pupe. La mortalité au niveau des pupes a été significativement plus élevée que celle observée chez les larves qui se sont alimentées sur les larves infectées (3 jours apres inoculation). Le test de préférence conduit pour déterminer le choix des larves sur le type de nourriture a montré que celles-ci avaient une plus grande préférence à s’alimenter sur les cadavres infectés que sur les larves non infectées ou sur la plante. Le rôle que joue le comportement cannibaliste sur le propagation de la virose sur terrain a été commenté.


Crop Protection | 1992

Efficacy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus against Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) on Helicoverpa-resistant and susceptible varieties of chickpea

R. J. Rabindra; N. Sathiah; S. Jayaraj

Abstract Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) larval mortality due to nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) was significantly higher on Helicoverpa -susceptible varieties (Shoba and Annigeri) than on the resistant accessions (ICC 506 and ICC 10817). Mortality was at an intermediate level on Co2, the moderately susceptible variety. Leaf consumption was also significantly higher on the susceptible varieties and was positively correlated with larval mortality rates. Probit analysis showed that the virus also recorded a shorter LT 50 on the susceptible than on the tolerant or resistant varieties. Results of a field trial showed that control of H. armigera with NPV was significant on the highly susceptible (Shoba) or moderately susceptible (Co2) varieties. On the tolerant variety (ICC 506), even though virus application significantly reduced the larval numbers, pod damage and yield did not differ significantly from those of the control.


International Journal of Tropical Insect Science | 1993

Muscardine fungi for the biological control of agroforestry termite Odontotermes obesus (Rambur)

H. Khader Khan; S. Jayaraj; M. Gopalan

Among the eight entomopathogenic fungi tested against the termite, Odontotermes obesus (Rambur), five fungal pathogens viz., Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill,Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin var. anisopliae, M.flavoviride Gams Rozsypal var. minus, Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thorn) Samson and P.fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith, were pathogenic. Three other fungal pathogens viz. Verticillium lecanii Zimm, Paecilomyces farinosus (Holm. ex Gray) and Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) were not pathogenic. B. bassiana was the most effective pathogen against termites, followed by M. anisopliae, M.flavoviride, P. lilacinus and P.fumosoroseus. Workers minor, of the three morphogenetic forms of O. obesus, were the most susceptible, followed by workers major and soldier caste. Bioassay on isolates of two most virulent termite pathogens, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae revealed that B. bassiana isolate Bapatla was the most effective fungal pathogen with the lowest LC50 (9.98 × 104 conidia/ml)RésuméHuit champignons entomopathogènes ont été testes contre les termites Odontotermes obesus (Rambur). Cinq espèces se sont révélées efficaces: Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin var. anisopliae, M. flavoviride Gams Rozsypal var. minus, Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom.) Samson et P. fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown et Smith. B. bassiana a été le plus efficace suivi par M. anisopliae, M. flavoviride, P. lilacinus et P. fumosoroseus. Sur les trois morphotypes de O. obesus testés, les petits ouvriers ont été les plus effectés, suivis par les grands ouvriers puis les soldats. Les trois autres champignons pathogènes, Verticillium lecanii Zimm., Paecilomyces farinosus (Holm, ex Gray) et Nomureae rileyi (Farlow) n’ont pas donné de résultat positif. Les essais biologiques sul les isolats obtenus sur les deux entomopathogènes les plus virulents, B. bassiana et M. anisopliae, ont montre que l’isolat B. bassiana Bapatla a été le pathogène le plus efficace avec les valeurs LC50 (9.98 x 104 conidia/ml) et LT50 (83,66hr) les plus faibles.


Anzeiger Fur Schadlingskunde-journal of Pest Science | 1994

Studies on biological control of Pigeonpea Pod Borers in India

G. Santharam; D. Rose Victoria; R. J. Rabindra; S. Jayaraj

Results of two field experiments, one on SA 1 pigeonpea in rainfed and the other on Co.5 pigeonpea in irrigated conditions revealed thatBacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki (B.t.k.) (Delfin), its combinations with nuclear polyhedrosis virus ofHeliothis armigera andChrysoperla carnea were as effective as endosulfan in reducing the pod borers,Heliothis armigera andExelastis atomosa. However,B.t.k. 1.25 kg+endosulfan 175 g/ha orB.t.k. 2.5 kg+HaNPV, 250 LE/ha gave better control of damage to flowers and pods thanB.t.k. applied alone on SA 1 pigeonpea. The yield differences between these treatments were not significant. A combination of HaNPV 250 LE/ha+endosulfan 175 g/ha was superior toB.t.k. Similar trend was seen on Co.5 pigeonpea. Release ofC. carnea second instar larvae 1 lakh/ha was not effective in increasing the yield of pigeonpea.ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisse von zwei Freilandexperimenten auf den Parzellen SA 1 unter normalen Regenverhältnissen und Co.5 unter künstlicher Beregnung zeigten, daßBac, thuringiensis var.kurstaki (B.t.k.) in Kombination mit dem Polyedervirus vonHeliothis armigera (HaNPV) sowie dem PredatorChrysoperla carnea gegen die beiden StengelbohrerHeliothis armigera undExelastis atomosa etwa gleich wirksam waren wie der Gebrauch von Endosulfan. Jedoch ergabenB.t.k. 1,25 kg+Endosulfan 175 g/ha oderB.t.k. 2,5 kg + HaNPV 250 LE/ha bessere Vernichtungsquotienten alsB.t.k. allein. Die Erntegut-Unterschiede zwischen diesen Behandlungen waren nicht signifikant. Eine Kombination von HaNPV 250 LE/ha + Endosulfan 175 g/ha war demB.t.k. überlegen. Ein ähnlicher Trend bestand bei der Co.5-Parzelle. Die Freilassung vonChrysopa carnea L2 zeigte sich als nicht wirksam in bezug auf eine Verbesserung der Erbsenernte.


International Journal of Tropical Insect Science | 1989

Increased insecticide susceptibility in Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) and Spodoptera litura F. Larvae due to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner Treatment

C. Gailce Leo Justin; R. J. Rabindra; S. Jayaraj

Laboratory bioassay tests showed that Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) (Bactospeine) treatment of second instar larvae of Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) and Spodoptera litura F. increased their susceptibility to endosulfan, monocrotophos, fenvalerate and Cypermethrin. The LC50 of these insecticides to both the species of larvae were lowered when treated with B.t. Comparison of susceptibility ratios showed that the increased susceptibility to insecticides was more in H. armigera than in S. litura larvae.RésuméLes épreuves de bioassay au laboratoire ont montré que la sensibilité aux endosulfan, fenvalerate, monocrotophos et cypermethrine est augmenté aux larves d’Heliothis armigera et Spodoptera litura lorsque leurs larves du deuxième stade sont inoculé par le Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) (Bactospeine). On les a inoculé en les permettant à nourrir pour 24 h sur les feuilles de Poischiche (Cicer arietinum) et de ricin (Ricinus communis) traités par une suspension du B.t. dans l’eau distillée à 300 mg/l. Les valeurs de LC50 de ces produits phytosanitaires aux tous les deux espéces des larves ont abaissés lorsqu’ elles sont étaient inoculées avec le B.t. La comparaison des rapports de la sensibilité a montré que la sensibilité induit par le B.t. aux produits phytosanitaires a été davantage aux larves d’Heliothis armigera que de S. litura.


Journal of Biological Control | 1989

Record of Natural Enemies of Heliothis armigera from Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu

P. R. Srinivas; S. Jayaraj


Journal of Biological Control | 1990

Efficacy of nuclear polyhedrosis virus formulations against Heliothis armigera (Hbn.) on sunflower.

R. J. Rabindra; S. Ethiraju; S. Jayaraj


Journal of Biological Control | 1993

Microbial Control of Helicoverpa (=Heliothis) armigera on Chickpea

G. Santharam; D. Rose Victoria; R. J. Rabindra; S. Jayaraj


Journal of Biological Control | 1990

Effect of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Infection on the Insecticide Susceptibility of Heliothis armigera and Spodoptera litura Larvae

R. J. Rabindra; S. Jayaraj


Journal of Biological Control | 1989

Effect of Certain Botanicals on the Conidial Germination in Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill

V. Deva Prasad; S. Jayaraj; R. J. Rabindra

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R. J. Rabindra

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

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G. Santharam

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

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C. Gailce Leo Justin

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

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D. Rose Victoria

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

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M. Gopalan

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

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M. Muthuswami

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

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N. Sathiah

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

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P. R. Srinivas

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

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S. Ethiraju

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

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C. G. L. Justin

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

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