S. Jayashree

A Taxonomy of Energy Management Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Energy management is one of the key considerations in the design of ad hoc wireless networks. Several schemes, which can be adopted at different layers of the protocol stack in order to accommodate energy awareness in AWNs, have been proposed in the recent past. This article provides a taxonomy of various energy management schemes for AWNs and a comprehensive summary of a scheme under each classification. It also points out the future research perspectives in energy management for these networks

A novel battery aware MAC protocol for minimizing energy × latency in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) possess highly con- strained energy resources. The existing Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for WSNs try to either minimize the energy consumption or the latency, which are conflicting objectives, or find a trade-off between them. They fail to achieve the minimum energy × latency, which ensures that transmission should occur such that both the energy consumption and latency are minimized. We propose a novel Battery-aware Energy-efficient MAC protocol to minimize the Latency (BEL-MAC) that exploits the chemical properties of the batteries of the sensor nodes, in order to increase their lifetime. Our protocol reduces the latency of the packets in an efficient manner without compromising on the lifetime of the network. We compare our protocol with the SMAC, DSMAC, TMAC, and IEEE 802.11 MAC, in terms of throughput and latency and show that our protocol outperforms these existing protocols, in terms of energy × latency.

Network lifetime driven MAC protocols for ad hoc wireless networks

One of the challenging issues in Ad hoc wireless networks is to identify methods that increase their lifetime. Since, the advancements in the battery technologies are negligible compared to those that take place in the field of mobile computing, the demand for discovering alternate methods to improve the battery lifetime has considerably increased. Energy efficient protocols face the trade-off between throughput improvement and energy saving. We, in this paper, arrive at a unique benchmark parameter called Nominal Capacity per Packet Transmission (NCPT) for evaluating the energy efficiency of a protocol. Major contributions of this paper are: (a) a detailed description of the novel distributed homogeneous Battery Aware MAC (BAMAC(k)) and Heterogeneous Battery Aware MAC (HBAMAC) protocols, which take benefit of the chemical properties of the batteries and their characteristics, to provide fair node scheduling and increased network and node lifetime through uniform discharge of the batteries, (b) a discrete-time Markov chain analysis for batteries of the nodes, and (c) a thorough comparative study of our protocols with IEEE 802.11 and DWOP (Distributed Wireless Ordering Protocol) MAC protocols. We found that our protocols outperform IEEE 802.11 and DWOP MAC protocols, in terms of power consumption, fairness, and lifetime of the nodes. Extensive simulations have shown that our protocol extends the battery lifetime consuming 96% and 60% lesser percentage of NCPT compared to the IEEE 802.11 and the DWOP MAC protocols, respectively.