S. K. S. Parashar

Altered physiochemical properties in industrially synthesized ZnO nanoparticles regulate oxidative stress; induce in vivo cytotoxicity in embryonic zebrafish by apoptosis

This study investigates the in vivo cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized at industrial scale with embryonic Zebrafish. Industrial synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was mimicked at lab scale by high energy ball milling technique by milling bulk ZnO particles for 15 h. Synthesized 7 h and 10 h ZnO nanoparticles showed significant alteration of size, zeta potential and optical properties in comparison to Bulk ZnO. Mortality and hatching rate in Zebrafish embryos were influenced by these alterations. Size and charge dependent effect of ZnO nanoparticles exposure on physiology and development of Zebrafish embryos were evident by malfunctioned organ development and abnormal heartbeat rate. Similar dependency on quenching of ROS due to influential hydrogen bond interaction with glycine residue of Sod1 oxidative stress protein and increased apoptosis were observed in cells. The study revealed the mechanism of cytotoxicity in exposed embryonic Zebrafish as an effect of accumulation and internalization inside cells instigating to generation of hypoxic condition and interference with the normal adaptive stress regulation signaling pathways leading towards enhanced apoptosis. The study revealed hidden size and charge dependent in vivo cytotoxicity mechanism of ZnO nanoparticles in Zebrafish embryos insight of the environmental and clinical importance of attention on industrially synthesized ZnO nanoparticles.

Mechanistic Insight into Size-Dependent Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Industrial Antibacterial Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles on Colon Cells Because of Reactive Oxygen Species Quenching and Neutral Lipid Alteration

This study evaluates the impact of industrially prepared TiO2 nanoparticles on the biological system by using an in vitro model of colon cancer cell lines (HCT116). Industrial synthesis of titanium oxide nanoparticles was mimicked on the lab scale by the high-energy ball milling method by milling bulk titanium oxide particles for 5, 10, and 15 h in an ambient environment. The physiochemical characterization by field emission scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV–visible spectroscopy revealed alteration in the size and surface charge with respect to increase in the milling time. The size was found to be reduced to 82 ± 14, 66 ± 12, and 42 ± 10 nm in 5, 10, and 15 h milled nano TiO2 from 105 ± 12 nm of bulk TiO2, whereas the zeta potential increased along with the milling time in all biological media. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays performed with HCT116 cell lines by MTT assay, oxidative stress, intracellular lipid analysis, apoptosis, and cell cycle estimation depicted cytotoxicity as a consequence of reactive oxygen species quenching and lipid accumulation, inducing significant apoptosis and genotoxic cytotoxicity. In silico analysis depicted the role of Sod1, Sod2, p53, and VLDR proteins–TiO2 hydrogen bond interaction having a key role in determining the cytotoxicity. The particles exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.

Mechanistic insight into the rapid one-step facile biofabrication of antibacterial silver nanoparticles from bacterial release and their biogenicity and concentration-dependent in vitro cytotoxicity to colon cells

Progress in the research and development of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their applications has reached new heights in the last decade. In this study, one-step rapid facile biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles is reported, and in vitro cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles has been investigated in an HCT116 cell line. Biogenic silver nanoparticles were synthesized from the culture supernatant of Gram-positive (B. thuringiensis and S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and S. typhimurium) using UV light, termed as BTAgNP, SAAgNP, ECAgNP, and STAgNP, respectively. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterised by standard characterisation methods such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An in silico investigation was performed to elucidate the mechanism of their synthesis. Uniformly distributed ECAgNP, SAAgNP, STAgNP, and BTAgNP with stable zeta potentials were synthesized with the sizes 22.6 ± 5.2 nm, 21.2 ± 4.8 nm, 23.3 ± 6.8 nm, and 29.3 ± 5.2 nm, respectively. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were found to exhibit significant antibacterial activity against their source bacteria. An in vitro assessment revealed their biogenicity and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in colon cell lines with the occurrence of morphological deformities, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. The study provided an insight into the biogenic differences in the biological effects of silver nanoparticles.

In vivo assessment of impact of titanium oxide nanoparticle on zebrafish embryo

Technologies and innovations have attended a new height with recent development in nanotechnology in last few decades. With these developments there has a great raise in demand of metal oxides like TiO2, ZnO having versatile physical, chemical and biological application. However the great rise has raised concern over the effect of these nanoparticles in biological system. In this study, we have assessed the impact of titanium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by high energy ball milling (HEBM) by milling bulk TiO2 particles for 15h. The synthesized particles were characterized with XRD, UV-Visible spectroscopy and DLS for their physiochemical properties. Biological impact of these nanoparticles was then studied on zebrafish embryo as invivo model. Mortality and hatching rate were calculated for 48hpf and 96hpf treatment. To determine the mechanism of mortality effect, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined with the help of flow cytometry. 15h nanoparticles were found to have a LC50 of ( ) for zebrafis...

50BZT-50BCT: The new generation lead free piezoelectric

Lead free 0.5[Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3]-0.5[(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3]/[BZT–BCT 50/50] ceramics were synthesized by High Energy Ball Milling(HEBM) process. The effect of microwave sintering was observed at 1200°C. Density measurement show the effect of microwave sintering and hence determines the formation of compact grain boundary formation. XRD analysis of the calcined powders show the formation of single phase crystal structure at 1100 °C. Dielectric permittivity curve provide a comparable curie temperature ∼120°C.