S. Manninen

Quantitative X‐Ray Fluorescence Analysis Using Fundamental Parameters: Application to Gold Jewelry

The fundamental parameter method was applied to the quantitative x-ray fluorescence analysis of gold jewelry samples. The fluorescence spectra were acquired using monochromatic and focused W Kα 1 radiation (59.32 keV) from a high-voltage x-ray tube and a Ge solid-state detector. A novel program package based on a whole-pattern fitting procedure including corrections for secondary fluorescence and escape peaks was developed. The accuracy of this method was tested by analyzing samples characterized with independent techniques.

Resonant Raman scattering and inner-shell hole widths in Cu, Zn and Ho

The spectral distribution and integrated intensity of resonant Raman scattering was measured with tunable synchrotron radiation in the vicinity of the K edges of Cu and Zn and LIII edge of Ho. The assumption of a constant density of final states is adequate to describe the cross section more than 5-10 eV below the absorption edges. Despite the poor energy resolution afforded by a solid state detector the lifetime width of the inner-shell hole was determined to within a fraction of an electron volt. In the case of the L shell especially, the sub-shell widths can be measured individually in a straightforward low-resolution experiment. The result of 4.8+or-0.2 eV for the Ho 2p3/2 level is much closer to the predicted value of 4.0 eV than widths obtained from absorption edge spectroscopy.

Compton scattering: present status and future

Abstract Compton scattering is a versatile tool for studying ground state electronic properties. In this review the present state of this technique is described. From an experimental point of view the instrumentation in synchrotron radiation facilities is mainly considered. Comparison between the latest experimental results and the existing theoretical predictions is made. Finally some future prospects are given.

Asymmetry of Compton profiles

Abstract The asymmetry and observed anomalous broadening of experimental Compton profiles measured at synchrotron radiation sources have raised questions on the validity of the impulse approximation and the strength of the electron–electron interaction in metals. However, asymmetry and broadening can also be introduced by experimental artifacts. In order to address these issues we have made a systematic study on simple systems using various incident photon energies and different spectrometers. In addition, we have performed simulations on the effect of dead time and an asymmetric instrument function in the measured Compton profiles. We conclude that the observed asymmetry of Compton profiles of Be and Na does not originate from any experimental artifacts, but is due to the failure of the impulse approximation. This is confirmed by quasi-self consistent field calculations of the core electron Compton profiles, which agree quite well with the experimental results.

Inelastic x-ray scattering including resonance phenomena

The availability of intense synchrotron sources has recently made it possible to study weak interaction phenomena using inelastic x-ray scattering utilizing high resolution crystal spectrometers. The total resolution ΔE/E of the order of 10−4 (better than 1 eV at 8 keV) is rather easily achievable using backscattering geometry and the measured count rates, especially from the low-Z elements, have turned out to be reasonable. Moreover, the tunability of the incident energy makes it possible to study the resonance phenomena while scanning the incident photon energy in the vicinity of these intrinsic resonances. One of the breakthroughs has been the possibility to measure the evolution of fluorescence radiation through an absorption edge and get 2-dimensional information which reveals fine structures which are normally washed out by the core-hole lifetime. In this paper we will review several examples of resonant- and non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering experiments accomplished at NSLS and ESRF. These in...