S. Myszograj

Occurrence of heavy metals and PAHs in soil and plants after application of sewage sludge to soil

AbstractThe results of investigations on heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content in mixed soil fertilized with sewage sludge are presented. The concentration of these micropollutants in various parts of a basket willow Salix viminalis grown on this substratum was also analyzed. Aerobically stabilized, dewatered, and hygienized sewage sludge (a dose of 90 tons of dry matter per hectare) was used to fertilize the soil. S. viminalis was planted on the soil amended with sewage sludge. The samples for analyses were taken after five vegetatives; they were both soil samples and parts of plants (roots, stems, and leaves). The concentration of heavy metals and PAHs was analyzed in the samples. The concentration of heavy metals in soil after five seasons of fertilizing with sewage sludge was at most cases higher than defined in soil at the beginning of the experiment. The concentration of Cr in soil after five years of S. viminalis cultivation was, however, lower than at the outset. The ave...

Green Energy from Biogas in a Polish-German Sewage Treatment Plant

The article presents the experiences in the cogeneration energy from biogas at the Gubin-Guben sewage treatment plant. It has been shown that the production of biogas allows coverage of up to 65% of its electricity demand. In the year 2011, after obtaining a license for “green energy” from biogas, the cost of the purchase of energy in comparison with the year 2010 was lower by about (€36,000). The consumption of electricity with respect to 1 m3 of sewage amounts to 0.51 kWh/m3.

Impact of selected insecticides on the anaerobic stabilization of municipal sewage sludge

AbstractThe aim of the studies was to indicate whether the insecticides have toxic impact on the course of the process of sewage sludge methane fermentation and their biochemical durability is. The research proved that representatives of insecticides from the group of chlorinated hydrocarbons and phosphoorganic compounds can be toxic to anaerobic biocenosis. The series of insecticide toxicity with respect to anaerobic biocenosis is the following: Chloroorganic compounds > phosphoorganic compounds. The compounds studied can be put into a series with respect to their toxicity as follows: metoxychlor > chlorfenvinphos > fenitrothion > malathion, and for commercial products as follows: Metox > Enolofos > Owadofos > Sadofos. Pesticides from the group of chlorinated hydrocarbons and phosphoorganic compounds can be biodegraded in anaerobic conditions. The degree of decomposition was as follows, for: metoxychlor 99.3–99.9%, chlorfenvinphos 38.1–97.6%, fenitrothion 75.3–99.9%, and malathion, 84.2–99.9%. The study ...

E Ffects of the Solubilisation of the Cod of Municipal Waste in Thermal Disintegration

Abstract This paper presents the content changes in the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) solubilised in hydrolisates obtained from thermally disintegrated municipal waste biofractions. A series of tests related to biowaste undergoing thermal treatment at the following temperatures: 55, 75, 95, 115, 135, 155 and 175°C were conducted for 0.5, 1 and 2 hours. The highest increase in COD solid fraction solubilisation (238%) was observed for the samples disintegrated at 175°C for 2 hours. The values of the reaction rate coefficient k20 = 0.6 d-1 and temperature coefficient θ = 1.023 were determined. Statistical analysis of the multiple regression (correlation coefficient R = 0.89) showed that the temperature has a greater impact on COD solid fraction solubilisation - determined β = 0.66. The multiple correlation coefficient for the treatment time was β = 0.61. W artykule omówiono zmiany udziału ChZT rozpuszczonego w hydrolizatach uzyskanych z dezintegrowanej termicznie bioofrakcji odpadów komunalnych. Wykonano serie badań, w których bioodpady poddawano obróbce w temperaturach 55, 75, 95, 115, 135, 155, 175°C w czasie 0,5, 1 i 2 godzin. Największy wzrost upłynnienia frakcji stałej ChZT (238%) uzyskano dla próbek dezintegrowanych w temperaturze 175°C w czasie 2 godzin. Wyznaczono wartość współczynnika szybkości reakcji k20=0,096 h-1 i współczynnika temperaturowego θ=1,053. Analiza statystyczna wyników badań wykazała, że większy wpływ na efekt dezintegracji ma temperatura, niż czas obróbki.

Temperature Impact of Nitrogen Transformation in Technological System: Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland and Polishing Pond

Abstract The article describes the results of the research, purpose of which was to evaluate influence of the temperature on the effectiveness of nitrification and denitrification in the sewage treatment system consisting of vertical flow constructed wetland and polishing pond. During the analysed period, the efficiency of removing total nitrogen was low and amounted to 12.7%. In the polishing pond in the summer period, content of total nitrogen in treated sewages was further decreased by nearly 50%. In the winter period, the polishing pond fulfilled mainly retention role and thus did not improve effectiveness of the whole system. Temperature coefficients, calculated on the basis of single first-order kinetics, for nitrification process in the filter bed (N-NH4+) and denitrification process in the polishing pond (N-NO3−) amounted to 1.039 and 1.089, respectively.

Zahn-Wellens Test in Industrial Wastewater Biodegradability Assessment

Abstract Biodegradability of pollution contained in examined industrial wastewater was assessed according to methodology based on Zahn-Wellens (OECD 302B) test. The following kinds of wastewater were examined: - metal industry wastewater from aluminium pressure foundry; - wastewater from industrial waste treatment processes, such as: filtration waste, chemical reagents, coolants, water emulsions, oil wastes and other industrial wastes, galvanising waste treatment processes sludge. Samples COD value decrease in the subsequent days of the experiment proves that organic substances contained in the examined wastewater undergo gradual biodegradability in aerobic conditions. The highest biodegradability degree of aluminium pressure foundry wastewater equal 65.7% was noted during 28 day of the experiment. However, the minimum biodegradability degree equal 80% after 13 aeration days, which in Zahn-Wellens test allows to determine the examined substance to be biodegradable, has not been achieved. Meanwhile, Zahn-Wellens test conducted for wastewater from industrial waste treatment processes showed that in the day 14 of the process, high (87.1%) organic substance degradation degree, measured with COD value decrease, was achieved. Further aeration of the samples did not increase biodegradability, which equalled 87.9% after 28 days.

COD fractions - methods of measurement and use in wastewater treatment technology

Abstract The paper presents the results of studies concerning the designation of COD fraction in raw wastewater. The research was conducted in four municipal mechanical-biological sewage treatment plants and one industrial sewage treatment plant. The following fractions of COD were determined: non-biodegradable (inert) soluble SI, biodegradable soluble fraction SS, particulate slowly degradable XS and particulate non-biodegradable XI. The methodology for determining the COD fraction was based on the ATV-A131 guidelines and Łomotowski-Szpindor methodology. The real concentration of fractions in raw wastewater and the percentage of each fraction in total COD are different from data reported in the literature.

Cod Fractions In Mechanical-Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant

Abstract The paper presents results of studies concerning the designation of COD fraction in the raw, mechanically treated and biologically treated wastewater. The test object was a wastewater treatment plant with the output of over 20,000 PE. The results were compared with data received in the ASM models. During investigation following fractions of COD were determined: dissolved non-biodegradable SI, dissolved easily biodegradable SS, in organic suspension slowly degradable XS and in organic suspension non-biodegradable XI. Methodology for determining the COD fraction was based on the guidelines ATV-A 131. The real percentage of each fraction in total COD in raw wastewater are different from data received in ASM models.

Testing of co-fermentation of poultry manure and corn silage

Abstract The development of the production of poultry meat is connected with an increase in the quantity of the manure. The chemical characteristics predisposes this waste to processing by methane fermentation method. This study investigated the influence of ammonia and volatile fat acids on mesophilic anaerobic digestion of poultry manure. The aim of the studies was: to determine the degree of biodegradation of the poultry manure as well as manure and corn silage mixed in various proportions in the process of mesophilic fermentation, to evaluate the impact of mineral nitrogen and volatile fat acids on the course of fermentation, and to establish optimum proportions of these types of waste. The tests confirmed the positive effect of co-fermentation of poultry manure with corn silage. The most favourable ratio for mixing the substrates is the equal percentage of their dry matter in the mixture. With such waste mixing proportions, the degree of degradation of organic substances contained in the manure amounted to 61.8% and was higher than in the mono-digestion of manure and corn silage.

IMPACT OF FERTILISATION WITH SEWAGE SLUDGE ON THE CONTENT OF LEAD IN SALIX VIMINALIS BIOMASS

Abstract Sewage sludge is considered to be high quality fertilizer. Therefore, in Poland, it is used to fertilize energy plants. On the one hand, it allows using large amount of sewage sludge on the other hand it contributes to the production of renewable energy. The study was based on monitoring the plantation of energetic willow Salix viminalis fertilized with sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plant in Sulechow. The aim of the investigation was to study changes of the lead content in different parts collected during a year and analyze the differences in the accumulation of lead in the plants planted at different times. The results of the study showed that the amount of lead content in the biomass willow was not influenced by sewage sludge used as a fertilizer.