S. N. Rai

Analysis of multi-channel seismic reflection and magnetic data along 13° N latitude across the Bay of Bengal

Analysis of the multi-channel seismic reflection, magnetic and bathymetric data collected along a transect, 1110 km long parallel to 13° N latitude across the Bay of Bengal was made. The transect is from the continental shelf off Madras to the continental slope off Andaman Island in water depths of 525 m to 3350 m and across the Western Basin (bounded by foot of the continental slope of Madras and 85° E Ridge), the 85° E Ridge, the Central Basin (between the 85° E Ridge and the Ninetyeast Ridge), the Ninetyeast Ridge and the Sunda Arc. The study revealed eight seismic sequences, H1 to H8 of parallel continuous to discontinuous reflectors. Considering especially depth to the horizons, nature of reflection and on comparison with the published seismic reflection results of Currayet al. (1982), the early Eocene (P) and Miocene (M) unconformities and the base of the Quaternary sediments (Q) are identified on the seismic section. Marked changes in velocities also occur at their boundaries.

Response of an Unconfined Aquifer Induced by Time Varying Recharge from a Rectangular Basin

An analytical solution is developed to predict spatio-temporal variation of the water table in a 2-D aquifer system which is receiving transient recharge from an overlying basin of rectangular shape. The transient recharge function is approximated by a number of line segments. Application of the solution is demonstrated with the help of an example problem.

Water table fluctuation in response to transient recharge from a rectangular basin

A problem of water-table fluctuation in a finite two-dimensional aquifer system in response to transient recharge from an overlying rectangular area is studied. An analytical solution is obtained by using the method of finite Fourier transform to predict the transient position of the water-table. The solution for constant rate of recharge is shown as a special case of the present solution. Effects of variation in the rate of recharge on the growth of two-dimensional groundwater mound is illustrated with the help of a numerical example.

Water table fluctuation due to transient recharge in a 2-D aquifer system with inclined base

Recharging of aquifers due to irrigation, seepage from canal beds and other sources leads to the growth of water table near to the ground surface causing problems like water logging and increase of salinity in top soils in many regions of the world. This problem can be alleviated if proper knowledge of the spatio — temporal variation of the water table is available. In this paper an analytical solution for the water table fluctuation is presented for a 2-D aquifer system having inclined impervious base with a small slope in one — direction and receiving time varying vertical recharge. Application of the solution in estimation of water table fluctuation is demonstrated with the help of an example problem.

On the Prediction of Ground-Water Mound Formation in Response to Transient Recharge from a Circular Basin

An analytical solution of the linearized Boussinesq equation is developed to predict the formation of a ground-water mound in an aquifer system in response to localized time-varying recharge. The recharge is applied from a centrally located circular basin. The solution is obtained using an eigenvalue-eigenfunction method. The solution for a constant recharge rate is shown as a special case of the solution for a time-varying recharge rate. Application of the solution to predict ground-water mound formation is demonstrated by a numerical example. Effects of variation in the rate of reachrge, size of recharge basin and the saturated hydraulic conductivity on the growth of the water-table are also investigated.

Modeling of Water Table Fluctuations in Response to Time-varying Recharge and Withdrawal

An analytical solution of a two-dimensional linearized Boussinesqequation is presented to predict the water table fluctuations in anunconfined aquifer due to time-varying recharge and withdrawal frommultiple basins and wells, respectively. This solution is obtainedby using the finite Fourier sine transform. The time-varying recharge(discharge) rate is approximated by a number of piecewisse linearelements of different lengths and slopes depending on the nature ofthe variation in recharge (discharge) rate. Application of thesolution for the prediction of water table fluctuations and in thesensitivity analysis is demonstrated in an example.

Two-Dimensional Modelling of Water Table Fluctuations due to Time-Varying Recharge from Rectangular Basin

A prior knowledge of the water table fluctuations, in response to the proposed recharge scheme, is essential to achieve the preset objectives of ground water resources management. In this paper an analytical solution of the linearised Boussinesqs equation is presented to predict the spatio-temporal variation of the water table in an aquifer system in response to time-varying recharge applied through a rectangular basin. The recharge function is approximated by introducing a number of line segments depending on its nature of variation. The solution is obtained by using finite Fourier sine transform and its application is demonstrated for a case of periodically applied recharge.

On the Prediction of Groundwater Mound Formation Due to Transient Recharge from a Rectangular Area

Recharge to the aquifer leads to the growth of a groundwater mound. Therefore, for the proper management of an aquifer system, an accurate prediction of the spatio-temporal variation of the water table is very essential. In this paper, a problem of groundwater mound formation in response to a transient recharge from a rectangular area is investigated. An approximate analytical solution has been developed to predict the transient evolution of the water table. Application of the solution and its sensitivity to the variation of the recharge rate have been illustrated with the help of a numerical example.

A Generalized Predictive Model of Water Table Fluctuations in Anisotropic Aquifer Due to Intermittently Applied Time-Varying Recharge from Multiple Basins

Mathematical models play a key role in assessing the future behavior of a groundwater system in response to various schemes of ground water resources development such as artificial recharging and in selecting an appropriate one out of many proposed schemes for its sustainable development. This paper presents an analytical solution of groundwater flow equation for unconfined, anisotropic, 2-D rectangular aquifer under the Boussinesq approximation to predict water table fluctuations in the aquifer in response to general time-varying intermittent recharge from multiple rectangular infiltration basins of different spatial dimensions. The horizontal anisotropy incorporated in the model is such that the principal axes of the hydraulic conductivity tensor are oriented parallel to the rectangular sides of the aquifer. The time-varying recharge rate is approximated by a series of line elements of different lengths and slopes depending on the nature of variation of recharge rate. The solution is obtained by using extended finite Fourier sine transform. Application of the solution is demonstrated with the help of synthetic examples. Numerical results of the analytical solutions are verified by comparison with the results obtained from MODFLOW. Numerical results indicate significant effect of anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity on the nature of water table variation.

Evolution of the Water Table in a Finite Aquifer Due to Transient Recharge from Two Parallel Strip Basins

Understanding the dynamic response of phreatic aquifers due to recharge is most important for the proper management of ground-water systems. In this paper an analytical solution is developed to describe the water-table fluctuation in a finite aquifer system due to transient recharge from two parallel strip basins. Application of the solution in the prediction of spatiotemporal variation of the water table and in the sensitivity analysis of the effects of various controlling parameters on the water-table fluctuation is demonstrated with the help of an example problem.