S. P. Wraight
United States Department of Agriculture
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Fungal Biology | 1992
S. Galaini-Wraight; S. P. Wraight; Raymond I. Carruthers; Donald W. Roberts
Zoophthora radicans primary and secondary ovoid conidia inoculated onto Empoasca kraemeri fifth-instar nymphs germinated in three alternative modes, forming either germ-tubes, capilliconidiophores or replicative conidiophores. Production of germ-tubes was positively correlated, and production of capilliconidiophores inversely correlated, to temperatures over 5–32°C. Significant numbers of replicative conidiophores were produced only at 25–30°. The temperatures inducing the fastest rates of germination as capilliconidiophores, germ-tubes, and replicative conidiophores were 16·5, 22, and 26°, successively. Germ-tube formation was the most rapid mode of germination, occurring in ca 0·7 h at 22°; germination as capilliconidiophores or replicative conidiophores required 1·9 and 3·2 h, respectively, under optimal temperature conditions. Total germination (all modes combined) was optimum at 22°. High-temperature inhibition of germination was evident at 28° and severe at 30°; however, most germ-tubes produced at these temperatures were able to complete the processes of appressorium formation and penetration of the host cuticle. At 32°, only 6% of conidia germinated and no appressoria were produced. AT 10, 20, and 25°, 40, 20, and 4%, of all penetrations, successively, originated from capilliconidia produced by the ovoid conidia. The optimum temperature for infection (23°) was found to be similar to the optimum for vegetative germination (22°). The median time from inoculation to infection of the leafhoppers at 23° was 5.6 h. At temperatures near the upper threshold, lack of germination of the inoculum was the most important factor limiting host infection.
Society for industrial microbiology. General meeting. 43 | 1987
S. P. Wraight; Donald W. Roberts
Journal of Economic Entomology | 1990
Eliane Dias Quintela; Jeffrey C. Lord; S. P. Wraight; Sérgio B. Alves; Donald W. Roberts
Rev. Ecossistema | 1996
Luis G. Leite; Sérgio B. Alves; S. P. Wraight; S. Galaini-Wraight; Donald W. Roberts
Arq. Inst. Biol., São Paulo | 1996
Luis G. Leite; Sérgio B. Alves; S. P. Wraight; S. Galaini-Wraight; Donald W. Roberts; B. P. Magalhães
An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil | 1994
Eliane Dias Quintela; S. P. Wraight; M. A. W. Quindere; Donald W. Roberts
Sci. Agric., Piracicaba | 1996
Luis G. Leite; Sérgio B. Alves; S. P. Wraight; S. Galaini-Wraight; Donald W. Roberts
Sci. Agric., Piracicaba | 1996
Luis G. Leite; Sérgio B. Alves; S. P. Wraight; S. Galaini-Wraight; Donald W. Roberts
Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil | 1994
Eliane Dias Quintela; S. P. Wraight; Mary Ann W Quindere; Donald M Roberts
Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Invertebrate Pathology | 1986
Donald W. Roberts; S. P. Wraight