S.S. Kalter

In vivo transfer of cellular immunity to primates with transfer factor prepared from human or primate leucocytes.

Abstract Dialyzable transfer factor (TF d ) prepared from a human donor and transfer factor (TF) from baboon whole cell lysates was administered to 3 species of nonhuman primates: baboons, cebus monkeys and marmosets. In vivo transfer was evaluated with in vivo skin test and in vitro blastogenic responses to multiple antigens. Transfer of cellular reactivity in all three nonhuman primate species was demonstrated with both human TF d and baboon TF. A cumulative conversion rate of 45% for skin test responses and 65% for lymphocyte blastogenesis was demonstrated following human TF d injection while conversion was 17% and 33% respectively following baboon TF. Specificity was supported by the absence of conversion to TF donor negative antigens. There were no signficant differences observed between the 3 recipient primate species.

Simian virus nomenclature, 1980.

Approximately 75 simian viruses, counterparts of other animal viruses, are recognized. Nomenclature of these isolates, in general, consists of an SV (simian virus) or SA (simian agent) numerical series with no attempt to group them according to virus families. The biologic characteristics of these viruses indicate they may be classified into recognized families and groups. A simple sequential numerical designation is recommended as a nomenclature within virus families and groups. Finalization of nomenclature would follow approval by the Study Groups of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.

AXC Rat Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: Characterization of Cells in Culture

We have described the establishment of AXC rat prostatic cancer cells in continuous culture. When injected into isogeneic male rats, these cells produce prostatic adenocarcinomas. The response of androgen and prolactin receptors and ODC in LSC-AXC prostatic cancer cells and tumors to androgen ablation is indistinguishable from that of ventral prostate. In addition, LSC-AXC prostatic tumors retain levels of secretory acid phosphatase comparable to those of ventral prostate of aged AXC rats. These data demonstrate that LSC-AXC prostatic cancer cells and tumors retain a high degree of differentiation, androgen regulated function. The LSC-AXC prostatic cancer cells and tumors appear to represent a unique model system for combined in vivo and in vitro studies of androgen regulation of prostate cancer cell function.

TRANSFER OF CELLULAR REACTIVITY TO 3 NONHUMAN PRIMATE SPECIES WITH HUMAN AND BABOON TRANSFER FACTOR

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the transfer of cellular reactivity to three nonhuman primate species with human and baboon transfer factor (TF). Three primate species have been evaluated for their ability to convert in vivo and in vitro cellular immune responses in vivo subcutaneous administration of TF from either human or nonhuman primate donors. Primates included the baboon, the cebus monkey and the cotton-top marmoset. The particular species were selected because they exhibit varying susceptibility to infectious and oncogenic agents, and also demonstrate differences in cellular immune competence and baboon immunologic responses are relatively normal, those of the cebus are intermediate and the cotton-top marmoset is deficient, using criteria developed for humans. Gross inspection of skin tests and in vitro assay of lymphocyte blastogenes is appeared to be sensitive and reliable methods of demonstrating transfer in primates. There were no significant differences observed between the three primate species either in their responses human TF or baboon TF. The limited number of animals examined may have obviated recognition of more subtle species differences.

Experimentelle Herpesvirus SA 8 — Encephalitis bei Kenia-Pavianen (Papio cynocephalus)

Herpesvirus SA 8 infections are occurring naturally in African green monkeys and baboons. Neither the clinical nor the morphological sequelae of SA 8 infections in homologous or heterologous hosts are sufficiently known. Therefore, colony-born baboons of three age groups were inoculated intravenously or intratracheally, using a SA 8 strain (strain 0430) isolated from fatally infected newborn baboons. Of all experimental animals, 63% developed focal encephalitis, characterized predominantly by glial nodule formation and necrosis of nerve and glial cells. Early stages of the infection (2–5 days after infection) were accompanied by inclusion body formation or by eosinophilic nerve cell degeneration. The distribution of the CNS lesions depended largely on the inoculation route. In intravenously inoculated newborn baboons, the inflammatory foci were scattered throughout the entire brain and spinal cord, including the leptomeninges, whereas these lesions were focused on the vagal root areas within the medulla oblongata in the intratracheally inoculated animals of all age groups. In the intratracheally infected animals corresponding herpetic lesions were also commonly found in pulmonary ganglia or pulmonary vagal branches. The possible vagal ascendance of herpesvirus SA 8 from the primarily affected lung to the brain in intratracheally inoculated animals is discussed. Herpesvirus SA 8 verursacht natürliche Infektionen grüner Meerkatzen und Paviane, ohne daß bisher die klinischen oder morphologischen Erscheinungen solcher Infektionen in homologen oder heterologen Wirten ausreichend bekannt wären. Mit einem aus gestorbenen neugeborenen Pavianen isolierten Stamm (Stamm 0430) wurden deshalb experimentell koloniegeborene Paviane aus drei Altersgruppen intravenös, bzw. intratracheal infiziert. Über die dabei erzielten Veränderungen des ZNS wird hier berichtet. Bei 63% aller Versuchstiere wurden herdförmige Gliaknoten-Encephalitiden oder Einschlußkörper-Encephalitiden erzeugt. Intravenöse Infektionen führten zu regellosem Verteilungsmuster der Entzündungsherde, während nach intratrachealen Infektionen überwiegend das Einflußgebiet des Nervus vagus in der Medulla oblongata befallen war. Korrespondierende Herpesvirusläsionen wurden in Pulmonalganglien intratracheal infizierter Paviane beobachtet. Die vagale Aszendenz des Virus von der primär befallenen Lunge zum ZNS wird diskutiert.

Experimentelle Herpesvirus SA 8-Pneumonien (Bronchopneumonien) bei Kenia-Pavianen (Papio cynocephalus)

Captive baboons of three age groups were experimentally infected with Herpesvirus SA 8-strain 0430. Intravenous inoculation of the virus induced minor, transient, interstitial pneumonia of a nonspecific type in newborn baboons. Intratracheal inoculation, in contrast, invariably produced multifocal or diffuse necrotizing inclusion body bronchopneumonia within two days in newborn, two months and one year old baboons. Differences in the outcome of the experimental intratracheal infections were noticed, depending on the animals age. All the newborns either died from the extensive pulmonary damage or had to be sacrificed because of serious illness. Older animals, in contrast, survived the initial impact with only minor clinical symptoms and repair of the necrotic and inflammatory lesions. The healing stages were characterized by interstitial fibrosis and transient tumorlike bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial proliferations, which lasted for approximately two months. Intranuclear inclusion bodies in ganglionic cells, ganglioneuritis and neuritis in different parts of the pulmonary plexus in intratracheally infected animals suggested the viral invasion of the pulmonary autonomous nervous system.Captive baboons of three age groups were experimentally infected with Herpesvirus SA 8-strain 0430. Intravenous inoculation of the virus induced minor, transient, interstitial pneumonia of a nonspecific type in newborn baboons. Intratracheal inoculation, in contrast, invariably produced multifocal or diffuse necrotizing inclusion body bronchopneumonia within two days in newborn, two months and one year old baboons. Differences in the outcome of the experimental intratracheal infections were noticed, depending on the animals age. All the newborns either died from the extensive pulmonary damage or had to be sacrificed because of serious illness. Older animals, in contrast, survived the initial impact with only minor clinical symptoms and repair of the necrotic and inflammatory lesions. The healing stages were characterized by interstitial fibrosis and transient tumorlike bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial proliferations, which lasted for approximately two months. Intranuclear inclusion bodies in ganglionic cells, ganglioneuritis and neuritis in different parts of the pulmonary plexus in intratracheally infected animals suggested the viral invasion of the pulmonary autonomous nervous system. Paviane dreier Altersklassen wurden experimentell (intravenös, intratracheal) mit Herpesvirus SA 8-Stamm 0430 infiziert. Intravenöse Injektion löste bei neugeborenen Pavianen geringgradige, vorübergehende, interstitielle Pneumonien ohne spezifische Komponenten aus. Intratracheale Instillation der Virussuspension führte ungeachtet des Alters der Versuchstiere zu fokalen bis ausgedehnten nekrotisierenden Einschlußkörper-Bronchopneumonien. Aus den schon zwei Tage p.i. ausgebildeten Nekrosen und Entzündungen entwickelten sich im späteren Verlauf der intratrachealen Infektionen interstitielle Fibrosen und vorübergehend tumorähnliche Epithelproliferationen. Intranucleäre Einschlußkörper in Ganglienzellen, Ganglioneuritis und Neuritis im Bereich des Pulmonalplexus intratracheal infizierter Tiere sprechen für eine Ausbreitung der Infektion auf das autonome Nervensystem der Lunge.

Neutral steroid losses and cholesterol absorption in gnotobiotic baboons

Abstract Two infant baboons maintained under germfree conditions showed losses of neutral sterols during intestinal transit. Losses of[4-14C]β-sitosterol during 7-day stool collection could not be attributed to methodologic losses, absorption as measured by serum radioactivity, or degradation to labeled CO2. Percent cholesterol absorption was highest during the 12 weeks following birth and decreased to normal levels by 27 weeks of age. Serum cholesterol levels decreased rapidly when the animals were converted from a gnotobiotic to a conventional environment.

Particles morphologically resembling mouse hepatitis virus in nude mouse uterus.

Particles morphologically resembling mouse hepatitis virus were observed in uterine gland lumens and endometrial cells of 8 nude mice. Although 3 mice had been experimentally inoculated with baboon type C viral-infected materials, no ultrastructural evidence of oncornavirus-associated structures was observed.