S. Sebastian

The spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-IR gas phase, FT-Raman and UV) and NBO analysis of 4-Hydroxypiperidine by density functional method.

In this work, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular structure, vibrational spectra, NBO and UV-spectral analysis of 4-Hydroxypiperidine (4-HP). The FT-IR solid phase (4000-400 cm(-1)), FT-IR gas phase (5000-400 cm(-1)) and FT-Raman spectra (3500-50 cm(-1)) of 4-HP was recorded. The molecular geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies and bonding features of 4-HP in the ground-state have been calculated by using the density functional methods (BLYP, B3LYP) with 6-311G (d,p) as basis set. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal co-ordinate analysis (NCA) following the Scaled Quantum Mechanical Force Field Methodology (SQMFF). Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The results show that charge in electron density (ED) in the sigma* antibonding orbitals and E (2) energies confirms the occurrence of ICT (Intra-molecular Charge Transfer) within the molecule. The UV spectrum was measured in ethanol solution. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) result complements the experimental findings. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. Finally the calculation results were applied to simulated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra.

Experimental FTIR, FT-IR (gas phase), FT-Raman and NMR spectra, hyperpolarizability studies and DFT calculations of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole.

In the present study, structural properties of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole (3,5-DMP) have been studied extensively utilizing density functional theory (DFT) employing B3LYP exchange correlation. The Fourier transform infrared (solid phase and gas phase) and Fourier transform Raman spectra of 3,5-DMP were recorded. The Vibrational frequencies of 3,5-DMP in the ground state have been calculated by using density functional method (B3LYP) with 6-31G(d,p), 6-311G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) as basis sets. Comparison of the observed fundamental vibrational frequencies of 3,5-DMP with calculated results show that 6-311++G(d,p) superior to other basis sets for molecular vibrational problems. Non linear optical NLO behavior of the examined molecule was investigated by the determination of the electric dipole moment mu, the polarizability alpha and the hyperpolarizability beta using the B3LYP/cc-pvdz method. The isotropic chemical shifts computed by (13)C and (1)H NMR analysis also show good agreement with experimental observations. The theoretically predicted FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the title molecule have been constructed.

The spectroscopic (FTIR, FT-IR gas phase and FT-Raman), first order hyperpolarizabilities, NMR analysis of 2,4-dichloroaniline by ab initio HF and density functional methods.

In this work, the experimental and theoretical study on molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 2,4-dichloroaniline (2,4-DCA) were studied. The Fourier transform infrared (gas phase) and Fourier transform Raman spectra of 2,4-DCA were recorded. The molecular geometry and vibrational frequencies of 2,4-DCA in the ground state were calculated by using the Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional (DF) methods (BLYP, B3LYP and SVWN) with 6-31G(d,p) as basis set. Comparison of the observed fundamental vibrational frequencies of 2,4-DCA with calculated results by HF and density functional methods indicates that BLYP is superior to other methods for molecular vibrational problems. The difference between the observed and scaled wave number values of most of the fundamentals is very small. The electric dipole moment (micro) and the first hyperpolarizability (beta) values of the investigated molecule were computed using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The calculated results also show that the 2,4-DCA molecule might have microscopic nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior with non-zero values. Natural atomic charges of 2,4-DCA and 4-chloroaniline was calculated and compared. The isotropic chemical shift computed by (13)C NMR analyses also shows good agreement with experimental observations. The theoretically predicted FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the title molecule have been constructed.

Molecular structure, spectroscopic studies and first-order molecular hyperpolarizabilities of ferulic acid by density functional study

Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometrical structure and vibrational wavenumbers of ferulic acid (FA) (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) were carried out by using density functional (DFT/B3LYP/BLYP) method with 6-31 G(d,p) as basis set. The optimized geometrical parameters obtained by DFT calculations are in good agreement with single crystal XRD data. The vibrational spectral data obtained from solid phase FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra are assigned based on the results of the theoretical calculations. The observed spectra are found to be in good agreement with calculated values. The electric dipole moment (micro) and the first hyperpolarizability (beta) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The calculation results also show that the FA molecule might have microscopic nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior with non-zero values. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of FA was also reported. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) results complements with the experimental findings. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within the molecule. The theoretical FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra for the title molecule have been constructed.

Molecular structure, anharmonic vibrational frequencies and NBO analysis of naphthalene acetic acid by density functional theory calculations

In this work, we report anharmonic vibrational frequencies, molecular structure, NBO and HOMO, LUMO analysis of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles obtained by computation show good agreement with experimental X-ray data. The computed dimer parameters also show good agreement with experimental data. Anharmonic frequencies of NAA were determined and analyzed by DFT level of theory utilizing 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. Good agreement between the calculated and experimental spectra was obtained. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions and charge delocalization have been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The results show that charge in electron density (ED) in the pi* and sigma* antibonding orbitals and E2 energies. This confirms the occurrence of ICT (Intermolecular Charge Transfer) within the molecule. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies also show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule.

Quantum mechanical study of the structure and spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, 13C, 1H and UV), first order hyperpolarizabilities, NBO and TD-DFT analysis of the 4-methyl-2-cyanobiphenyl.

The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman of 4-methyl-2-cyanobiphenyl (4M2CBP) have been recorded and analyzed. The equilibrium geometry, bonding features and harmonic vibrational frequencies have been investigated with the help of density functional theory (DFT) method. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal coordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology (SQMFF). The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by the Gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The first order hyperpolarizability (β0) of this novel molecular system and related properties (β, α0 and Δα) of 4M2CBP are calculated using HF/6-311G(d,p) method on the finite-field approach. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions, charge delocalization have been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The results show that charge in electron density (ED) in the σ* and π* antibonding orbitals and second order delocalization energies (E2) confirms the occurrence of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) within the molecule. UV-vis spectrum of the compound was recorded and the electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, were performed by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach. Finally the calculations results were applied to simulated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra.

The spectroscopic FT-IR gas phase, FT-IR, FT-Raman, polarizabilities analysis of Naphthoic acid by density functional methods

The Fourier transform infrared gas phase spectrum of Naphthoic acid (NA) was recorded in the region 4000-400 cm(-1). The Fourier transform Raman spectrum and Fourier transform IR spectra of NA were recorded in solid phase. Quantum chemical calculations of energies, geometrical structure, infrared intensities, Raman scattering activities and vibrational wavenumbers of NA in ground state have been carried out by density functional (DFT/B3LYP) and BLYP method with 6-31G(d,p) as basis set. A good correlation was found between the computed and experimental wavenumbers. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of NA was also reported. The dimer parameters (intermolecular hydrogen bonding) by B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method are also calculated. The polarizability and Mullikan atomic charges have also been computed using ab inito HF and DFT calculations. Comparison of simulated spectra provides important information about the ability of the computational method to describe the vibrational modes.

Vibrational spectroscopic studies and DFT calculations of 4-aminoantipyrine.

The pyrazole derivative, 4-aminoantipyrine (4AAP), used as an intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals especially antipyretic and analgesic drugs has been analyzed experimentally and theoretically for its vibrational frequencies. The FTIR and FT Raman spectra of the title compound have been compared with the theoretically computed frequencies invoking the standard 6-311g(d,p) and cc-pVDZ basis sets at DFT level of theory (B3LYP). The harmonic vibrational frequencies at B3LYP/cc-pVDZ after appropriate scaling method seem to coincide satisfactorily with the experimental observations rather than B3LYP/6-311g(d,p) results. The theoretical spectrograms for FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 4AAP have been also constructed and compared with the experimental spectra. Additionally, thermodynamic data have also been calculated and discussed.

Molecular structure, vibrational spectra and DFT molecular orbital calculations (TD-DFT and NMR) of the antiproliferative drug Methotrexate

The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral studies of the Methotrexate (MTX) were carried out. The equilibrium geometry, various bonding features and harmonic vibrational frequencies of MTX have been investigated with the help of B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) using 6-31G(d) as basis set. Detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra has been made with the aid of theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The vibrational analysis confirms the differently acting ring modes, steric repulsion, conjugation and back-donation. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) results complement with the experimental findings. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occur within the molecule. Good correlations between the experimental (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts in DMSO solution and calculated GIAO shielding tensors were found.

Anharmonic vibrational analysis of 3,4-diaminopyridine and 3-aminopyridine by density functional theory calculations

In this work, we will report a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular structure and vibrational analysis of 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP) and 3-aminopyridine (3-AP). The Fourier transform infrared and Fourier transform Raman spectra of 3,4-DAP were recorded in the solid phase. The molecular geometry, harmonic vibrational wavenumbers of 3-AP and 3,4-DAP in the ground-state have been calculated by using MP2 and density functional methods (B3LYP) using 6-311++G(d,p) as basis set. Predicted electronic absorption spectra 3,4-DAP from TD-DFT calculation have been analyzed comparing with the experimental UV-vis spectrum. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occur in the molecule. A detailed interpretation of the infrared spectra of 3-AP and 3,4-DAP is reported. The theoretical spectrograms for FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of the title molecules have also been constructed. Comparison of the experimental spectra with anharmonic vibrational wavenumbers indicates that B3LYP results are more accurate.