S. V. Egazar’yants

Oil Sludge Treatment Processes

This review considers effective modern methods for oil sludge and acid resid treatment. We analyze in detail the technologies for dewatering, solidification, solvent extraction, thermal treatment (including in the presence of catalysts), and modern oil sludge and solid fuel (oil shales, coals) treatment methods. We note that the dominant criteria for the effectiveness of oil waste utilization technology should be cost effectiveness and reduced environmental stress.

Oxidation of 2-naphthol in the presence of catalysts based on modified β-cyclodextrins

The oxidation of 2-naphthol to 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol in a biphasic system in the presence of β-cyclodextrins was studied. It was found that the use of macrocyclic receptors leads to substantial enhancement of the activity of catalytic systems. It was shown that the product yield and the reaction rate substantially increase when ligands obtained via molecular imprinting in the presence of 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol as a template are added.

Catalytic Cracking of Petroleum Feedstock in the Presence of Additives Derived from Cross–Linked Mesoporous Oxides for Reduction of the Sulfur Content in Liquid Products

Sulfurreducing La/MCM–41/γ–Al2O3 additives to a commercial zeolitecontaining cracking catalyst derived from MCM–41/γ–Al2O3 support with different ratios of the MCM–41 and γ–Al2O3 components were evaluated. Vacuum gas oil cracking at 500°C in the presence of these additives (10 wt. % additive in the catalyst) reduces sulfur in the liquid products by 20–31%.

Hydroconversion of Naphthalene in the Presence of NiMoS/NiWS-AlCl 3 Catalyst Systems Derived from Mesoporous Aromatic Frameworks

A catalyst containing aluminum chloride supported on a mesoporous aromatic framework (PAF) was synthesized. The effect of the PAF-AlCl3 catalyst on the products of the hydrogenation-hydrocracking of naphthalene in the presence of PAF-NiMoS and PAF-NiWS bimetallic catalysts was studied. The addition of PAF-AlCl3 markedly enhances the yield of reaction products and the best naphthalene conversion results were obtained by adding sulfur to the reaction mixture. Thus, naphthalene can be hydroconverted quantitatively to reaction products, 70% of which are the result of hydrogenation and 30% the result of cracking, using the PAF-NiMoS/PAF-AlCl3 (1:3.3 wt. ratio) catalyst system.

Hydrocracking of Vacuum Gas Oil on Bimetallic Ni-Mo Sulfide Catalysts Based on Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Al-HMS

The activity and selectivity of a bimetallic Ni-Mo sulfide catalyst based on mesoporous aluminosilicate Al-HMS with Si/Al ratio of 10 in the vacuum gas oil hydrocracking process in a reactor with a fixed catalyst bed was studied. The dependence of the activity and selectivity of the NiS-MoS2/Al-HMS (Si/Al = 10) catalyst on the process parameters (temperature, hydrogen pressure, volume stock feed rate, etc.) was investigated. It was shown that in the 380-450°C range at 5 MPa hydrogen pressure the catalyst ensures conversion of the heavy part of the hydrocarbon stock into fuel fractions with high selectivity in the middle distillates and makes it possible to reduce the sulfur content of the liquid hydrocracking products.

Bimetallic Ni—Mo Sulfide Catalysts Based on Mesoporous Aluminosilicate (Al-HMS) in Shale Oil Hydrocracking

The activity and selectivity of bimetallic Ni—Mo sulfide catalysts based on mesoporous aluminosilicate (Al-HMS) with a Si/Al ratio of 5 in shale oil hydrocracking were investigated in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor. The temperature dependences of the activity and selectivity of NiS—MoS2/Al-HMS (Si/Al = 5) were studied. It was shown that this catalyst in the temperature range 330-400°C at an H2 pressure of 5 MPa converted the shale oil heavy fraction into fuel fractions with high selectivity for the middle distillate and reduced by 78% the sulfur content in the liquid hydrocracking products.

Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons on Platinum and Palladium Catalysts Encapsulated in Mesoporous Bakelites

Syntheses are reported for catalysts derived from platinum and palladium nanoparticles supported on a mesoporous phenol formaldehyde polymer modified by an ionic liquid. These catalysts are used for the hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds, specifically, acyclic and cyclic isoprenoids: isoprene, 2,5 – dimethyl–2,4–hexadiene, limonene, α –terpinene, γ –terpinene, as well as phenylacetylene, transstilbene, and 1,4–diphenyl–1,3–butadiene. High activity was found for these catalysts in hydrogenation reactions. The palladium catalysts were more active than their platinum analogs. The products of complete hydrogenation predominate in the hydrogenation of isoprenoids on the palladium catalysts, while monoene products predominate in the reactions on platinum catalysts.

Thermoextractive Conversions of Kerogen-Containing Materials

Thermoextractive conversions of oil shale are studied in the 450-500°C range using supercritical fluids like toluene, decalin, tetralin, tetradecane, gas oil fractions, etc. It is shown that toluene and tetralin in 1:1 extractant:rock weight ratio are the best extractants. The composition of a specific synthetic oil was determined by chromato-mass spectrometry.

Catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil with wave-induced feedstock preactivation

The effect of radiowave pretreatment on the catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil over industrial catalysts of different types within a temperature range of 380–500°C has been studied. This treatment was shown to enable a considerable increase in the yield of gasoline, a major catalytic cracking product, or an 80°C decrease in the reaction temperature at equal yields.

Separation and analysis of petroleum diesel fuels on cationated silica gels by high-performance liquid chromatography

Group separation of diesel fuels by high-performance liquid chromatography was performed. Procedures for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fractions were developed.