S. Venkat Kumar

Phyto-assisted synthesis, characterization and applications of gold nanoparticles – A review

Nanotechnology is the formation, running and use of operation at the nanomaterial size scale (1–100 nm). Nanoscale materials can also be obtained by biological synthesis materials via eco-friendly green chemistry based technique. Current development and numerous strategies involved in the green synthesis of nanoparticles were focussed. This review mainly focused on plants which include scientific name, family name, common name, plant parts, its characterization, size and shape of the nanoparticles. Plant extract which was done experimentally gives its various characterization which leads to the identification of compounds of different nano size and shape. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles is in different shapes like spherical, rod, cubic, triangle and also in different sizes. Various application and importance of gold nanoparticles in numerous fields were discussed. The mark of the review is to provide an overview of recent learning in biosynthesized nanoparticles, its characterization and their potential applications.

Plant-Based Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Impact

Abstract Plants are the major sources of different types of phytochemicals with numerous biomedical applications. Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field and plays an important role in most of the advanced science, medicine, and technology areas. This chapter summarizes the plant sources used for nanoparticle synthesis, characterization, and their applications. Plant parts such as leaves, fruits, seeds, stems, flowers, roots, barks, and fruit peels are involved in the synthesis of various types of nanoparticles. The low cost and higheco-friendly-natured plants are very advanced and beneficial to human applications. Nanoparticles such as silver from silver nitrate, gold from gold chloride, zinc oxide from zinc nitrate and zinc acetate, cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide from cadmium sulfate and zinc sulfate, etc. were synthesized with the help of different types of plants and their different parts are reported in this chapter.

Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Mangifera indica leaves and evaluation of their antioxidant and cytotoxic properties in lung cancer (A549) cells

Green synthesis is an eco-friendly approach to nanoparticle production, which eliminates the use of toxic chemicals, high temperatures, and costly equipment needed for traditional physical and chemical synthesis methods. This eco-friendly approach was used in the present study to biosynthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from Mangifera indica (mango) leaves which were then evaluated for their antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects on lung cancer A549 cells. Synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses. The XRD and SEM analyses showed 45-60 nm as the size of synthesized nanoparticles, the pure crystal form of ZnO NPs, and the shape of the NPs as nearly spherical and hexagonal quartzite. The antioxidant potential of nanoparticles was estimated using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The percent of viable cells was inversely proportional to the concentration of ZnO nanoparticles at 25 μg/mL concentration. The MTT assay used for cytotoxicity evaluation depicted the significant cytotoxic effect of ZnO NPs against the A549 lung cancer cell line. The drop in the proportion of viable A549 cells after exposure to ZnO NPs was comparable to the effects of the standard drug used i.e. cyclophosphamide. Antioxidant activity of NPs was increased by increasing the concentration of NPs. The present biosynthesis approach is rapid, inexpensive and eco-friendly and it yielded highly stable ZnO NPs with significant antioxidant and anticancer potential. This is the first report of M. indicia -mediated synthesis of ZnO NPs as antioxidant and, anticancer agents for the treatment of lung cancer and subsequent therapeutic applications.